Module 7 Crude Unit Hot Corrosion-Chinese

InternalMaterialsCrudeUnitTrainingCrudeUnitHotCorrosion常减压装置高温腐蚀常减压装置高温腐蚀NaphthenicAcidCorrosionInternalMaterialsCrudeUnitTrainingHighTempCorrosion高温腐蚀高温腐蚀Themes:主题主题•Introduction简介•Whyarerefinersconcerned炼油厂为什么关注？•Whyarerefinerspushingtheenvelope炼油厂为什么要提高系统运行能力•WhatcanGEdotohelppushthatenvelope,GE能够提供什么帮助来提高系统运行能力推动InternalMaterialsCrudeUnitTraining12345678•Doba5•Heidrun4•Troll4,•Marlim3•Merey2•Roncador3•Hungo5,•Maralago2,•PZHeavy2•Hamaca2•CanadianHvy8•SJV7GlobalHighAcidCrudes全球高酸原油PredictInternalMaterialsCrudeUnitTrainingProblemAreasHSRKeroDieselAGOLVGOHVGOV.BtmsButaneLSRPropaneCrudeOilDeEthanizerDePropanizerDeButanizerAtmsFractionatorrVacTowerFlashTwrFuelGasH2SAbsorberInternalMaterialsCrudeUnitTrainingIntroduction简介简介•Hightemperaturecorrosionisdefinedascorrosionthatoccursbetween~400Fand750F•高温腐蚀的定义是在400F-750F(204C-400C)温度区域发生的腐蚀•ThetwomajormechanismareSulfdicandNaphthenic.•两个主要机理：硫化物/环烷酸•Sulfidiciswellunderstoodandpredictableandoccursasafunctionofsulfurcontenttemperatureandmetallurgy.Howeverincreasingthesulfurcontentabovethedesignlimitscanposeaproblem.•硫化物是容易去理解、预测、出现，基于硫含量/温度/材质。然而，硫含量增加设计上限时会出现问题。•Naphthenicacidislessunderstoodlesspredictableandlessuniform.Butcanbefarmoreaggressive.Becauseitiscorrosioninhightemperaturestheconsequenceoffailuretotherefinerisamajorsafetyissue.•环烷酸是不易理解的、不易预测、不均衡。但是，更具有挑战性，因为，高温腐蚀是一个主要安全问题、造成泄漏后果•CrudesthatarehighinnaphthenicacidorSulfurcontentareoftensoldtorefinersatadiscounttocrudesthatarenot.Thereforetheyrepresentasignificantpotentialprofitopportunitytotherefiner.Inordertoachievethepotentialprofitrefinerscanusevariousmethodstomanagetherisk.Theycanblendthecrudestoanon-harmfullevel,useexpensivematerialsofconstructionintheprocessequipmentortheycanusechemicalprograms.•高环烷酸/硫化物的原油经常以低价卖给炼油厂，因此，这些原油给炼油厂带来显著的潜在的经济收益机会。为了获得这些潜在的经济收益，炼油厂可以采取各种方法去管理这些危险。他们可以调和原油使其没有危险、采用昂贵的设备材质、使用药剂处理。InternalMaterialsCrudeUnitTraining•TraditionalSulphidicCorrosionMechanismFe+H2S=>FeS(passivelayer)+H2•NaphthenicAcidCorrosionMechanismFe+2RCOOH<=>Fe(RCOO)2(