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石油污染地下水取样方式对比试验研究

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第21卷第4期2014年7月地学前缘(中国地质大学(北京);北京大学)EarthScienceFrontiers(ChinaUniversityofGeosciences(Beijing);PekingUniversity)Vol.21No.4July2014http://www.earthsciencefrontiers.net.cn地学前缘,2014,21(4)收稿日期:2013-12-10;修回日期:2014-02-26基金项目:国土资源部公益性行业科研项目(200911004-5)作者简介:蔡五田(1962—),男,教授级高级工程师,主要从事污染场地调查评价工作。E-mail:2365986444@qq.comdoi:10.13745/j.esf.2014.04.018石油污染地下水取样方式对比试验研究蔡五田,章爱卫,张敏,刘金巍中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心,河北保定071051CAIWutian,ZHANGAiwei,ZHANGMin,LIUJinweiCenterforHydrogeologyandEnvironmentalGeologySurvey,ChinaGeologicalSurvey,Baoding071051,ChinaCAIWutian,ZHANGAiwei,ZHANGMin,etal.Acontrastiveexperimentalstudyofoil-pollutedgroundwatersampling.EarthScienceFrontiers,2014,21(4):168-179Abstract:Inordertoacquireevidencedatatoprovethattheconcentrationofpetroleumpollutantsingroundwaterespeciallyvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)isgreatlyaffectedbyin-situsamplingmethod,atrialcomparisonresearchinapetroleumcontaminatedwelllocatedinNorthChinaPlainwasconductedbothatpurgedandnonpurgedconditionaswellasusingdifferentsamplers.Trialresultsshowedthatthepurgingwellcoulddecreasethegapinpollutantconcentrationbetweendifferentsamplingmethodsandtheconcentrationsofalmostallpetroleumpollutantssampledbyinertialpumpandsmallpailwerehigherthanthosesampledbylowflowballoonpumpwithamaximumof40timesandwithanaverageof5times.Thedifferencesweremainlyattributedtothespecificgravitydifferentiationofpetroleumpollutantsandnon-homogeneousdistributionofpetroleumpollutantsinwellwater,inbackfilllayerwaterandinaquiferwaterafftectedbysamplingprocess.Thetrialremindedusthatthepurgingwellisanecessaryfieldwork,anddifferentsamplingmethodscouldresultinlargerimpactonthepollutantconcentration.Suchuncertaintymustbetakenintoconsiderationintheassessmentofgroundwaterquality,riskandremediationeffectiveness.Keywords:petroleumpollutants;groundwatersampling;comparisontrialofdifferentsampler摘要:为了获取取样方式对石油类污染物浓度影响的实证数据,笔者在华北平原一口石油污染的监测井内,开展了不洗井与洗井、不同取样器具采集地下水样品的对比试验研究。试验结果表明:洗井会减小不同取样器具造成的污染物浓度差异程度;采用手动惯性泵和小提桶采集的水样浓度普遍较高,而用低流速气囊泵采集的水样浓度普遍较低,浓度最大可相差40倍,

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