中国表层水体沉积物中多环芳烃源解析及评价
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2020-01-23 14:33:48
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第29卷第6期2013年12月中国环境监测EnvironmentalMonitoringinChinaVol.29No.6Dec.2013中国表层水体沉积物中多环芳烃源解析及评价李利荣,王艳丽,高璟赟,林冬,张肇元,时庭锐,魏恩棋天津市环境监测中心,天津300191摘要:采用索氏提取气相色谱-质谱法测定中国6个重点水体表层沉积物中16种多环芳烃的含量。各化合物含量范围分别为长江6.20~163ng/g、淮河7.90~249ng/g、海河12.1~401ng/g、松花江5.75~152ng/g、太湖29.1~2810ng/g和滇池19.1~795ng/g;16种多环芳烃的总量分别为:长江1147ng/g、淮河1723ng/g、海河2595ng/g、松花江793ng/g、太湖12472ng/g、滇池3714ng/g,属中等污染水平。利用特征分子比值法分析结果表明6条水体表层沉积物中PAHs均可能以燃料(包括柴油、汽油、煤、木材)燃烧以及焦化污染为主。淮河和滇池还可能存在轻微石油泄漏污染。利用沉积物质量基准法(SQGs)和沉积物质量标准法分别对6条水体表层沉积物中多环芳烃的风险评估表明严重的多环芳烃生态风险在这些水体表层沉积物中不存在,但长江、淮河、松花江、海河均可能存在一定的潜在风险,负面生物毒性效应会偶尔发生,风险主要来源于荧蒽和菲。太湖和滇池水体中存在的潜在多环芳烃风险种类较多,风险主要来源于菲、荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)蒽、苊和蒽,对水生生物毒性效应较高,有必要进行更深入细致的调查研究高风险区域底栖生物的受损状况、污染来源和途径,以制定合理的污染控制对策。关键词:表层沉积物;多环芳烃;污染来源;污染评价中图分类号:X824文献标志码:A文章编号:1002-6002(2013)06-0092-07SourceandRiskAssessmentofPAHsinSurfaceSedimentsfromRiversandLakesofChinaLILi-rong,WANGYan-li,GaoJing-yun,LINDong,ZHANGZhao-yuan,SHITing-rui,WEIEn-qiTianjinEnvironmentalMonitoringCenter,Tianjin300191,ChinaAbstract:16prioritypolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons(PAHs)insurfacesedimentsamplesfromsixmainriversandlakesofChinawereanalyzedbyGC/MS.Theconcentrationsofeverycompoundof16PAHsinChangjiangRiver,HuaiheRiver,HuaiheRiver,SonghuajiangRiver,TaihuLakeandDianchiLakewerevariedintherangeof6.20-163ng/g,7.90-249ng/g,12.1-401ng/g,5.75-152ng/g,29.1-2810ng/gand19.1-795ng/grespectively.Thecontaminationlevelswerefromlowtomedium.Theanalysisresultsindicatedthatfuelcombustion,whichincludeddiesel,gasoline,coal,wood,werethemajorsourcesofPAHsinthesedimentoftheseriversandlakes.LightleakageofpetroleumfuelmightexistedinHuaiheRiverandDianchiLake.EcologicalriskprobabilityofPAHsinthesurfacesedimentsfromthe6riversandlakeswereassessedwiththemethodsofsedimentqualityguidelines(SQGs)andsedimentqualitystandards(SQSs).TheresultsshowedthattheconcentrationlevelsofPAHsinthestudiedareashadnotcausedthemarkednegativeinfluenceonorganism.ButpotentialriskmightexistedinChangjiangRiver,HuaiheRiver,HuaiheRiverandSonghuajiangRiver,andtheadversebiologicaltoxicityeffectmightoc
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