净化槽技术在我国农村污水处理中的应用前景

水污染防治WaterPollutionControl59新型净化槽对污水进水量的抗冲击性能研究+王昶1杨晓娇1酒井裕司2林鹏1贾青竹1(1．天津科技大学海洋科学与工程学院，天津300457；2．工学院大学工学部环境能源化学科，东京都192-0015)摘要：在单独净化槽的基础上针对农村现有的自来水化工程相配的家用化粪池，研发多户化粪池联用的高效新型净化槽，将单独净化槽的二级厌氧、一级好氧改为一级厌氧、二级好氧过程，提高好氧生物处理能力，减少设备的投资和运行成本，便于推广应用。调查了多户生活污水量对新型净化槽出水水质的影响及其抗冲击性能力。实验结果表明：在体积不变的情况下，由于采用两级好氧和生物滤床的技术特点，新型净化槽的处理能力明显增强，当进水量为50L／d(相当于实际净化槽6家农户污水排放量)时，净化槽出水COD、BOD，、NH，一N、浊度可分别达到22．67ms／L、7．8mg／L、8．3ms／L、1．79NTU，各项出水指标都达到国家一级排放标准。即使在进水量为70L／d时，出水水质的BOD，仍低于20m【s／L，证明新型净化槽对进水量具有很高的抗冲击性能力。关键词：生活污水；净化槽；进水量DOI：10．13205／i．hjgc．201402014StudyonImpactResistanceofSewageInflowinNewPurifyingTankWangChan91YangXiaojia01SakaiYuji2LinPen91JiaQingzhul(1．CollegeofMarineScienceandEngineering，TianjinUniversityofScience＆Technology，Tianjin300457，China；2．DepartmentofEnvironmentalChemicalEngineering，KogakuinUniversity，Tokyo192-0015，Japan)Abstract：Inthelightoftheseptictankwhichmatchedruralwatersupplyengineering，anewpurifyingtankwhichcombinedwithmulti—familyseptictankwasdevelopedonthebasisofindividualone．Two—stageanaerobicandone—stageaerobicwerechangedtoone—stageanaerobicandtwo-stageaerobicprocessinthenewpurifyingtank，whichcouldincreaseaerobicbiologicaltreatmentcapacity，reduceequipmentinvestmentandrunningcost，thusbeingconvenientforpopularizationandapplication．Theinfluenceofsewageinflowoneffluentqualityandtheabilityofimpactresistanceofpurifyingtankconnectingmultipleseptictankswasinvestigated．Theexperimentalresultsshowedthatinthecaseofconstantvolume，duetotheuseoftwo-stageaerobicandbiofiher，thetreatmentabilityofnewpurifyingtankwassignifcantlyenhanced，whensewageinflowwas50L／d(equivalenttotheactualpurifyingtankofsix-householdsewageemission)theaverageCOD，BOD5，NH3-Nandturbidityoftheeffluentwere22．67mg／L，7．8mg／L，8．3mg／Land1．79NTU，respectively．Alltheindexesoftheeffluentfromthenettankcouldmeetthenationalfirst—orderstandard．Evenifsewageinflowwas70L／d，theBOD5oftheeffluentwaslowerthan20mg／L，showingastrongabilitytoresisttheimpactofthenewtank．Keywords：domesticsewage；purifyingtank；sewageinflow0引言随着城市化建设和城乡人民