Application of nanoscale zero valent iron and iron powder duringsludge anaerobic digestion

JournalofHazardousMaterials321(2017)47–53ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectJournalofHazardousMaterialsjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/jhazmatApplicationofnanoscalezerovalentironandironpowderduringsludgeanaerobicdigestion:ImpactonmethaneyieldandpharmaceuticalandpersonalcareproductsdegradationFidèleSuanona,b,c,QianSuna,∗,MingyueLia,b,XiangCaia,YouchiZhanga,YijunYana,Chang-PingYua,d,∗aCASKeyLaboratoryofUrbanPollutantConversion,InstituteofUrbanEnvironment,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Xiamen361021,ChinabUniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100049,ChinacLaboratoryofPhysicalChemistry,UniversityofAbomey-Calavi,BP4521Cotonou,RepublicofBenindGraduateInstituteofEnvironmentalEngineering,NationalTaiwanUniversity,Taipei106,Taiwanhighlights•nZVIandIPinanaerobicbioreactorenhancedmethaneyieldupto25%and40%.•RemovalefficienciesofCODincreasedinthepresenceofnZVIandIP.•nZVIandIPselectivelyenhancedchlorinatedPPCPremovalinanaero-bicdigestion.•nZVIandIPinanaerobicbioreactorshowedminoreffectonmostPPCPremoval.graphicalabstractarticleinfoArticlehistory:Received6June2016Receivedinrevisedform2August2016Accepted31August2016Availableonline31August2016Keywords:AnaerobicdigestionSewagesludgeNanoscalezerovalentiron(nZVI)Ironpowder(IP)Pharmaceuticalandpersonalcareproducts(PPCPs)abstractLabscaleandsinglestagehighsolidanaerobicdigestionofsewagesludgespikedwithfreshlysynthesizednanoscalezerovalentiron(nZVI)andcommercialironpowder(IP)undermesophiliccondition(37±1◦C)wasperformed.Theeffectsofbothadditivesonmethaneyield,andpharmaceuticalandpersonalcareproduct(PPCP)removalwereinvestigated.Resultsshowedthatmethaneyieldwasincreasedby25.2%and40.8%inthepresenceofnZVI(0.1%)andIP(1.6%),respectively.Removalefficienciesofchemicaloxygendemandwere54.4%and66.2%inthepresenceofnZVIandIP,respectively,whichwerehighercomparedtothecontrolgroup(44.6%).Inaddition,mostPPCPscouldbepartlyorcompletelyremovedduringtheanaerobicdigestionprocess.TheapplicationofnZVIandIPshowedpositiveimpactontheremovalofchlorinatedPPCPs(p