市政污水生物除磷效能和功能微生物分布特征

给水排水�Vol�36�No�7�201045�市政污水生物除磷效能和功能微生物分布特征张志剑�李�慧�徐�心�王耀文�周林强�朱�希(浙江大学环境与资源学院环境科学研究所,杭州�310029)��摘要�调研了4座市政污水处理厂的除磷效能、污泥活性以及微生物分布特征。结果表明出水总磷均达到�城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB18918!2002)一级标准,但污泥性能差异显著。活性污泥厌氧释磷率和好氧聚磷率范围分别是0�224~7�77mg/(gVSS∀h)和0�386~7�9mg/(gVSS∀h)。聚磷假丝酵母菌(Accumulibacter)比例较低,为3�8%~8�7%,聚糖假丝酵母菌(Competibacter)为3�2%~9�1%。进水乙酸含量和乙酸吸收率,厌氧释磷率和好氧聚磷率间都存在很好的线性相关性,表明污水中可利用碳源的数量和磷素的比例极大影响污泥除磷性能。故控制工业废水排入,适当添加碳源,或设置独立的前置反硝化池有望增加污水处理厂的除磷效能。关键词�强化生物除磷�污泥活性�聚磷假丝酵母菌�聚糖假丝酵母菌�反硝化聚磷菌BiologicalphosphorusremovalperformanceandfunctionalmicroorganismdistributioncharacteristicsinmunicipalwastewatertreatmentplantsZhangZhijian,LiHui,XuXin,WangYaowen,ZhouLinqiang,ZhuXi(InstituteofEnvironmentalScience,CollegeofEnvironmentalandResourceSciences,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310029,China)Abstract:Thephosphorusremovalefficiency,sludgeperformanceandmicroorganismcharacteristicsinfourmunicipalwastewatertreatmentplants(WWTPs)wereinvestigated.Theresultsshowed:WWTPsmettherequiredcriteriaofTPfordischarge(#1mg/L)butwithsignificantdifferenceinsludgeperformance.Preleaseanduptakeratesvariedfrom0.224to7.77mg/(gVSS∀h)and0�386to7�9mg/(gVSS∀h)respectively;lowproportionofAccumulibacter(3.8%~8.7%)andrelativelyhighproportionofCompetibacter(3.2%~9.1%)werefound.Therearesignificantlylinearrelationsbetweenacetateconcentrationandacetateuptakerate,Preleaserateanduptakerate,demonstratingthereisgreatrelationbetweentheratioofbiodegradablecarbontoPininfluentandperformanceofthesludge.Thestrategiesofreducingindustrialwastewater,appropriatedosingofcarbonsourceandapplicationofseparatepre�denitrifyingtankarerecommendedtofavorenhancedbiologicalphosphorusremovalsystem.Keywords:Enhancedbiologicalphosphorusremoval;Sludgeperformance;Accumulibacter;Competibacter;DNPAOs0�前言浙北地区北邻太湖、西南背靠钱塘江、东连杭州湾及东海,而东苕溪贯穿(杭州与湖州)南北并汇入太湖。国家自然科学基金(40701162);浙江省及杭州市科技项目(2009C33060,20091633F06)。目前,太湖水体处于重富营养化状态[1]。由于工农业的发展,东苕溪、钱塘江及其经杭州湾汇入的东海水体营养盐长期处于较高水平。这不仅削弱了区域水生态稳定,同时也影响着杭州与湖州两市区域供水安全。上述水体其高位营养盐(尤其是磷)的成因复杂,因此保障并提高该区域内市政污水处理效能46�给水排水�Vol�36�No�7�2010已迫在眉睫