studies-on-marine-occurring-yeasts-growth-ralated-to-pH--NaCl-and-concentration-and-temperature

ArchivffirMikrobiologie54,374--392(1966)StudiesonMarineOccurringYeasts:GrowthRelatedtopH,NaC1ConcentrationandTemperatureBLRGITTANOI~KI~ANSMarineBotanicalInstitute,UniversityofGSteborg,SwedenReceivedJune1O,1966Inapreviouspaper,dataontheoccurrenceofyeastsinaSwedishestuaryandintheproximateseaareaintheKattegattwerepresented(No~:~A~s,1966).ThegeneraRhodotorulaandCryptococcusformedabouthalfoftheyeastsidentified,thusoccupyingadominatingpositiontogetherwithDebaryomyceshansenii,(sensuvA~RIJ,1964).IfDebaryo-myceshanseniianditsimperfectform,Torulopsis]amataarecombined,theyconstituteaboutafourthoftheidentifiedspecies.TheremainingfourthconsistsofstrainsofSaccharomycescerevisiae,CandidaandPichiaspp.Theyeasts,however,werepresentonlyin60percentofthesamplesandcomprisedonlyaminorpartoftheheterotrophiemicroorganismflora.Ithasearlierbeenquestionedwhetheryeastsinsoilactivelypartici-pateinthetransformationsthatnormallytakeplaceinsoils(cf.STAB-K~YandHE~aIcI,1927),andtheanalogousquestionhasbeenraisedwithrespecttomarineoccurringyeasts(K~Iss,1961).Ifweconfinethetermmarineyeasttoyeastshavingtheiroptimumgrowthinseawater,itisquitelikelythatnomarineyeastsactuallyexist.Thequestionmayratherbeaskedwhethermarineoccurringyeastsreallyfulfillaminimumclaimforbeingcalledmarine,suchaclaimimplyingnotonlytransientsurvivalbutalsoabilitytoreproducetoacertainextentinseawater.Thustheaimofthepresentworkwastoascertainiftheseyeastsreproduceinalkalinemilieu,athighsaltconcentrations,andatlowtemperature,threephysico-ehemicalcharacteristicsofseawaterinthisnortherntemperatezone.MaterialandMethodsTheyeaststrainsusedintheexperimentswerederivedfromsingle-ceilcoloniesisolatedfromseawateroftheKungsbackafjordofftheSwedishwestcoastin1964and1965(No~KRA~S,1966).TheclassificationhasbeenperformedincollaborationwithDr.W.CmSLOOF~andherstaffattheYeastDivision,CentralbureauvoorSehimmelcultures,Delft,Holland,usingtheTaxonomyofLODD:ERandK~GER-VA~GrowthandSurvivalof~rOccurringYeasts375l~ij,1952;t{lCEGElC-V~_lV]{IJ,1964;P~AFFandDoCAR~O-S