Occurrence-of-perfluorooctanesulfonate-and-perfluorooctanoic-acid-and-histopathology-in-eels

OccurrenceofperfluorooctanesulfonateandperfluorooctanoicacidandhistopathologyineelsfromnorthItalianwatersLuisaGiaria,⇑,CristianaGuerrantib,GuidoPerrab,MattiaLanzonia,ElisaAnnaFanoa,GiuseppeCastaldelliaaDepartmentofLifeSciencesandBiotechnology,UniversityofFerrara,St.L.Borsari46,44121Ferrara,ItalybDepartmentofPhysical,EarthandEnvironmentalSciences,UniversityofSiena,St.P.A.Mattioli4,53100Siena,Italyhighlights�FirststudyofperfluorinatedalkylatedsubstancesinfishfromthePoRiver,Italy.�Contaminationlevelsineelscomparableto,orlowerthan,thosefoundinotherareas.�Widerangeofperfluorooctanoicacidconcentrations.�Highestaccumulationinblood,lowestinmuscle.�Moderatelesionsinliverandabsenceofanomaliesingonad.articleinfoArticlehistory:Received12March2014Receivedinrevisedform11June2014Accepted22June2014HandlingEditor:AndreasSjodinKeywords:PerfluorinatedalkylatedsubstancesFishEndocrinedisruptersHistologyPoRiverComacchioLagoonabstractAperfluorinatedalkylatedsubstances(PFAS)biomonitoringstudywasconductedinEuropeaneel(Anguillaanguilla)inItalyforthefirsttime.Perfluorooctanesulfonate(PFOS)andperfluorooctanoicacid(PFOA)concentrationswereassessedintheorgansof35wildeelsfromtwolocations,thehighlyimpactedPoRiverandtheComacchioLagoonalongthenorth-westernAdriaticcoast.PFASwereextractedbyion-pairingliquidextractionprocedureandmeasuredusinghighperformanceliquidchromatographywithelectrosprayionizationtandemmassspectrometry.TherewerenosignificantdifferencesinmeanPFASconcentrations(p>0.05)betweensamplesfromthetwosites.PFOSandPFOAweredetectable(>0.4ngg�1wetweight,w.w)in73%and31%ofthetotalsamples,respectively.PFOSconcentrationsrangedfrom<0.4to6.28ngg�1w.wandPFOAfrom<0.4to92.77ngg�1w.w.ThehighestPFASlevelswereobservedinbloodandthelowestinmuscle.Histologyshowedmacrophageaggregatesandhepatocyticvacuolationinsomeliversamples.Notissueanomalieswereseeninthegonads,suggest-ingnoreproductiveimpairment.ThePFAScontaminationlevelsobservedwerecomparableto,orlowerthan,thosereportedinfishinotherEuropeancountries,seemingt