鱼类通过鱼道内水流速度障碍能力的评估方法
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2020-02-24 08:42:32
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第31卷第22期2011年11月生态学报ACTAECOLOGICASINICAV01.31.No.22NOV.。2011石小涛,陈求稳,黄应平,刘德富,庄平.鱼类通过鱼道内水流速度障碍能力的评估方法.生态学报,2011,31(22):6967—6972.ShiXT,ChenQw,HuangYP,LiuDF,ZhuangP.ReviewOilthemethodstoquantifyfish7Sabilitytocrossvelocitybarriersinfishpassage.AetaEeolagieaSinica,2011,31(22):6967—6972.鱼类通过鱼道内水流速度障碍能力的评估方法石小涛1”,陈求稳1’2’2,黄应平1,刘德富1,庄平3(1.三峡大学三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心,宜昌443002;2.中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京3.农业部海洋与河El渔业资源及生态重点开放实验室,上海200090)摘要:鱼类通过鱼道内水流速度障碍能力的量化对鱼道设计有重要理论和实际价值,其基础是鱼类游泳能力的测定。首先对鱼类游泳能力的研究方法进行了概述总结,指出了鱼类游泳能力经典测试方法存在测定流场与自然情况相差较大的不足;分析了关键要素如鱼类行为特征、生理耗能规律及水力特性对鱼类通过水流速度障碍能力的影响;提出了分析鱼类游泳行为和能力与特征流场的关系,探讨鱼类通过水流障碍行为规律和生理疲劳恢复特征,通过研究仿自然流态下的鱼类自由游泳行为、水力计算及生理耗能的关系,构建多因素鱼类游泳能力关系式,定量评价鱼类通过鱼道内水流速度障碍的发展方向。关键词:水流障碍;行为生态;游泳能力;模型Reviewonthemethodstoquantifyfish’SabilitytocrossvelocitybarriersinfishpassageSHIXiaota01一,CHENQiuwenl'2一,HUANGYingpin91,LIUDeful,ZHUANGPin931EngineeringResearchCenterofEc。一enviromnentinThreeGorgesReserv。irRegion,MinistryofEducation,ChinaThreeGorgesUnivemity,443002,China2ResearchCenterforEco.EnvironmentalSciences,ChineseAcademyofSciences,100085,China3KeyandOpenLaboratoryofMarineandEstuarineFisher&s,MinistryofAgriculture,Shanghai,200090,ChinaAbstract:Fishpassagestructuresareconstructedtofacilitatefishmovingtosuitablehabitatsthatareimportantduringspecificlifestages.However,whetherfishcansuccessfullypassthroughapassagestructuredependsontheirabilitytoswimagainstvelocitybarrierswithinthestructure.Therefore,quantifyingfishswimmingabilityisessentialandtodate,thisknowledgeislackingformanyspecies.Uptonow,thereisnowidely-acceptedmethodavailabletodeterminefish7Sabilitycrossingthroughvelocitybarriers.Establishmentofsuchmethodsisimportantinboththeoreticalresearchandpracticalapplication.Thisreviewfirstsummarizedthewidely-adoptedmethodsfortestingfishswimmingability.Swimmingabilityismainlycharacterizedbysustainedswimmingspeed(i.e.thespeedafishcanmaintainedforatleast200minutes),criticalswimmingspeed(i.e.thespeedafishcanreachwhenusingastep—wiseprotocolofspeedincrease)andburstspeed(i.e.themax
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