好氧反硝化菌的研究进展_王薇

好氧反硝化菌的研究进展＊王薇1蔡祖聪2钟文辉3＊＊王国祥4(1南京师范大学生命科学学院,南京210097;2中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京210008;3南京师范大学化学与环境科学学院,南京210097;4南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210097)摘要综述了好氧反硝化菌的种类和特性、好氧反硝化菌的反硝化作用机制和影响因素.好氧反硝化菌主要包括假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、产碱杆菌属(Alcaligenes)、副球菌属(Para-coccus)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)等,属好氧或兼性好氧异养微生物.好氧反硝化菌能在好氧条件下进行反硝化,其主要产物是N2O,并可将铵态氮直接转化成气态产物.催化好氧反硝化菌反硝化作用的硝酸盐还原酶是周质酶而不是膜结合酶.溶解氧和C/N往往是影响好氧反硝化菌反硝化作用的主要因素.介绍了间歇曝气法、选择性培养基法等好氧反硝化菌的主要分离筛选方法.概述了好氧反硝化菌在水产养殖、废水生物处理、降解有机污染物以及对土壤氮素损失的影响方面的研究进展.关键词好氧反硝化菌作用机制好氧反硝化酶溶解氧文章编号1001-9332(2007)11-2618-08中图分类号Q939.9文献标识码AResearchadvancesinaerobicdenitrifiers.WANGWei1,CAIZu-cong2,ZHONGWen-hui3,WANGGuo-xiang4(1CollegeofLifeScience,NanjingNormalUniversity,Nanjing210097,China;2StateKeyLaboratoryofSoilandSustainableAgriculture,InstituteofSoilScience,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Nanjing210008,China;3CollegeofChemistryandEnvironmentalScience,NanjingNormalUniversity,Nanjing210097,China;4CollegeofGeographicalScience,NanjingNormalU-niversity,Nanjing210097,China).-Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2007,18(11):2618-2625.Abstract:Thispaperreviewedthevarietiesandcharacteristicsofaerobicdenitrifiers,theiractionmechanisms,andthefactorsaffectingaerobicdenitrification.AerobicdenitrifiersmainlyincludePseudomonas,Alcaligenes,ParacoccusandBacillus,whichareeitheraerobicorfacultativeaerobic,andheterotrophic.Theycandenitrifyunderaerobicconditions,withthemainproductbeingN2O.TheycanalsoconvertNH4+-Ntogasproduct.Thenitratereductasewhichcatalyzesthedenitrifica-tionisperiplasmicnitratereductaseratherthanmembrane-boundnitratereductase.Dissolvedoxy-genconcentrationandC/Nratioarethemainfactorsaffectingaerobicdenitrification.Themainmethodsforscreeningaerobicdenitrifiers,suchasintermittentaerationandselectedculture,werealsointroduced.Theresearchadvancesintheapplicationofaerobicdenitrifiersinaquaculture,wastewaterprocessing,andbio-degradationoforganicpollutants,aswellasthecontributionsofaerobicdenitrifierstosoilnitrogenemissionweresummarized.Keywords:aerobicdenitrifier;actionmechanism;aerobicdenitrifyingenzymes;di