贵州草海底泥-上覆水中氮磷含量时空分布特征

184广东农业科学2014年第9期贵州草海底泥一上覆水中氮磷含量时空分布特征张家春，林绍霞。，张清海，何腾兵，林昌虎(1．贵州大学农学院，贵州贵阳550025；2．贵州省分析测试研究院，贵j,i’I贵阳550002；3．贵州科学院，贵州贵阳550001)摘要：为促进贵州高原湿地草海的可持续发展，改善草海水环境状况，恢复草海保护区的湿地功能，研究了草海在丰水期和枯水期的底泥及上覆水的氮磷时间和空间分布特征，并以《地表水环境质量标准》作为评价依据对草海水质进行评价。结果表明，两个时期草海底泥TN和TP呈现中等程度的空间变异性。丰水期草海底泥TN的空间特征是S区>N区>E区，丰水期和枯水期底泥碱解氮含量为S区>N区>E区：丰水期底泥有效磷含量分布规律为E区>N区>S区，枯水期底泥有效磷含量为E区>S区>N区。丰水期和枯水期草海底泥TN、碱解氮含量由南至北逐渐升高，西至东逐渐升高。草海的东水域区的各项指标数值都比西水域区高。草海底泥及上覆水中主要是草海周边农田化肥、周边村落畜禽养殖所产生的粪尿和居民的生活污水。应重视农业生产中对废弃物和废水排放量的限制。关键词：草海；底泥；上覆水；氮；磷；时空分布特征中图分类号：S181．3；X824文献标识码：A文章编号：1004—874X(2014)09—0184—0511J●■1●J●1J●l·●·■neaS0nalancIVerUCalnlStrlDUn0ncnaracteristiCS0tnitrogenandphosphoruscontentinthesedimentandoverlyingwater“Caohai。GuizhouoverlyinRwaterOlaohaiinbZHANGJia-chun’，LINShao-xia2，ZHANGQing-hai，HETeng-bing’，LINChang-hu。(1．CollegeofAgronomy,GuizhouUniversity，Guiyang550025，China；2．GuizhouResearchCenterofPhysicalTestandChemicalAnalysis，Guiyang550002，China；3．Gu&houAcademyofSciences，Guiyang550001，China)Abstract：TopromotethesustainabledevelopmentofplateauwetlandofCaohaiinGuizhou，toimprovetheenvironmentofCaohai，torestorethefunctionofwetlandofreserveareainCaohai，studiedtheseasonalandverticaldistributioncharacteristicsofnitrogenandphosphorusinsedimentandoverlyingwaterinthewetperiodanddryperiod，andevaluatedthewaterqualityinCaohaiaccordingtothestandardofsurfacewaterenvironmentalquality．Theresultsshowedthat，thespatialvariabilityofTNandTPinsedimentofthetwoperiodswasmoderatedegree．Thespatialcharacteristics0fTNinsedimentinabundantwaterperiodwasSarea>Narea>Earea．thecontentofalkali—hydrolyzedNofsedimentinhighandlOWwaterperiodswasSarea>Earea>Narea；thedistributioncharacteristicsofavailablephosphorusinsedimentinwetperiodwasEarea>Sarea>Narea，thedistributioncharacteristicsofavailablephosphorusinsedimenti13dryperiodwasEarea>Narea>Sarea．ThecontentofTNandalkali—hydrolyzednitrogeninsedimentincreasedgraduallyfromsouthtonorthwheninwetanddrywaterperiods，increasedgraduallyformwesttoeast．ThevalueofnumericalindicatorsofeastwaterdistrictinCao