突发性水污染事故应急健康风险评价
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2020-02-27 13:09:16
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中国环境科学2014,34(5).-1328-1335ChinaEnvironmentalScience突发性水污染事故应急健康风险评价赵艳民,秦延文,郑丙辉,张雷,马迎群(中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,国家环境保护河El与海岸带环境重点实验室,北京100012)摘要:基于USNAS健康风险评价理论,构建包括危害鉴别、剂量效应评价、暴露评价和风险表征4部分内容的突发性水污染事故应急健康风险评价技术体系.该技术体系充分考虑突发性水污染事故污染物对于人体健康“短时间、高剂量”的暴露特点,提出了突发性水污染事故污染物应急参考浓度的计算方法,以健康危害商值定性描述突发性水污染事故的健康风险,并通过统计推断健康危害商值的概率分布定量描述突发性水污染事故的健康风险,并实现风险分级.以松花江硝基苯水污染事故为例,对突发性水污染事故应急风险评价技术进行验证,计算获取的以保护成人和儿童的应急参考浓度分别为0.175,0.05mg/L,污染事故的健康风险值分别为29%和62%,分别隶属于中级和高级风险水平实例表明应急健康风险评价技术体系能够有效表征突发性水污染事故的健康风险,在一一定程度上可以为突发性水污染事故的应急管理提供依据.关键词:突发性水污染事故;健康风险:应急风险评价;硝基苯中图分类号:X820文献标识码:A文章编号:1000—6923(2014)05132808Emergencyhealthriskassessmentofwaterpollutionaccident.ZHAOYan—min,QINYan-wen,ZHENGBing—hui。,ZHANGlei,MAYing—qun(StateKeyLaboratoryofEnvironmentalCriteriaandRiskAssessment,StateEnvironmentalProtectionKeyLaboratoryofEstuaryandCoastalEnvironment,ChineseResearchAcademyofEnvironmentalSciences,Beijing100012,China).ChinaEnvironmentalScience,2014,34(5):1328~1335Abstract:BasedonthehealthriskassessmenttheoryofUSNAS(U.S.Nationa1ResearchCounci1ofNationalAcademyofScience)’,afour—stepofmethodologicalframeworkofemergencyhealthriskassessmentofwaterpollutionaccidentsthatincludeshazardidentification,dose.responseassessment,exposureassessmentandriskcharacterizationwasdeveloped.Consideringthecharacteristicsofshortterm,highdoseexposureofthesuddenwaterpollutionaccidents,themethodspecifiedforacutereferenceconcen~ionwasproposed,aswellasquotientmethodandprobabilitydistributionofquotientswererecommendedforriskcharacterizationandclassification.TheSonghuaRivernitrobenzenewaterpollutionaccidentwasusedasanexampleforverifyingthefeasibilityoftheframeworkofemergencyhealthriskassessmentofsuddenwaterpollutionaccident.Acutereferenceconcentrationofnitrobenzenetoprotectthehealthofadultsandchildrenwascalculatedbyusingpresentmethodandthevaluewas0.175andO.05mg/L.respectively.Riskpercentageofthenitrobenzenewateraccidentwas29%and62%,andtheriskgradewasmiddleandhigh,respectively.Theresultsshowedthatacutehealthriskofwaterpol
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