象湖流域底泥重金属污染特征与生态风险分析

安徽农业科学，JournalofAnhuiA鲥．Sci．2014，42(21)：7151—7154，7204责任编辑黄小燕责任校对李岩象湖流域底泥重金属污染特征与生态风险分析熊戬，刘小真’，李文华，梁越(1．南昌大学，鄱阳湖环境与资源利用教育部重点实验室，环境与化学工程学院，江西南昌330047；2．南昌航空大学环境与化学工程学院，江西南昌330063)摘要[目的]了解城市湖泊底泥重金属的污染情况。[方法]以象湖流域为研究对象，利用微波消解一火焰原子吸收分光光度法、BCR连续提取法、ICP-AES分别测定底泥中重金属的总量及各形态重金属的含量，并利用潜在生态危害法对象湖的潜在生态危害进行评价。I结果l象湖所测的6种元素的浓度顺序依次为Zn>Pb>Cu>Cr>As>Cd，其中cd的污染最为严重；象湖底泥cu、zn、cd随深度的增加，浓度逐渐降低，Pb、Cr、As的浓度在深度上波动明显；形态分析xh3的Cr和cd的次生相与原生相比值脚分别为3．43和2．23，属于重度污染，其他各采样点均有重金属元素1xh5>xh3>xhl>xh2，潜在危害来源主要是cd。[结论]该研究为城市湖泊生态系统退化的原因提供理论依据。关键词底泥；重金属；污染特征；形态分析；RSP；潜在生态危害指数中图分类号S181．3；X826文献标识码A文章编号0517—6611(2014)21—07151—04AnalysisonHeavyMetalPoIlutionCharacteristicsandEcologicalRiskofElephantLakeWaterBodySedimentⅪONGJian，LIUxiao．zhenetal(KeyLabofPoyangLakeEnvironmentandResourceUtilizationofMinistryofEducation，Schoo1ofEnvi—ronmentandChemicalEngineering，NanchangUniversity，Nanchang，Jiangxi330047；SchoolofEnvironmentandChemicalEngineering，Nan—changHangkongUniversity，Nanchang，Jiangxi330063)Abstract『ObjectivelT0studythepollutionstatusofheavymetalsinurbanlakesediment．1MethodlWithElephantLakeasstudyobject．mi．crowavedigestion，flameatomicabsorptionspectrophotometry，BCRsequentialextractionmethodandinductivelycoupledplasma—atomicemissionspectrometrywereusedtodeterminethetotalandeachspeciesofheavymetalcontent．Andthepotentialecologicalriskwasevaluated．『ResuhITheresultsshowedthatthecontentsequenceofsixkindsofheavymetalsdeterminedwereZn>Pb>Cu>Cr>As>Cd．ThepollutionofCdwasthemostserious．TheconcentrationsofCu．Zn．Cdfollowedthetrendescalationfromdeeptoshallow．Onlytheratioofsecondaryphasetopri．maryphase(诧SP)Crinsitexh3wasbiggerthanthethree．thecontaminationlevelwasserious．AUtheothersitesbelongtomildcontamina—tion．Thepotentialecologicalrisklevelsofallsiteswerestrongexceptxh2whichlevelwasmedium．Theresequencewerexh4>xh4>xh3>xhl>xh2．CdwasthemainpollutionsourceofElephantLakefromindividualpotentialecologicalriskcoefficient．1Conclusion1I’hestudycanpro，videtheoreticalbasisforurbanlakeseco—systemdegrada