自然与引水因素对受纳水体自净作用的影响研究
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2020-02-27 13:10:09
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收稿日期:2014-04-30基金项目:国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项课题(2011ZX07301-004)。作者简介:莫祖澜(1988-),女,广西人,硕士,研究方向:环境水力学,E-mail:ybynmo@163.com。自然与引水因素对受纳水体自净作用的影响研究莫祖澜,邵卫云,刘小为(浙江大学土木系市政工程研究所,杭州310058)摘要:以嘉兴河道底泥和河水为研究对象,以上覆水中氮的存在形态及浓度作为考察指标,通过小试实验模拟了实际受纳水体在四种自然/引水条件(底泥是否存在、复氧与否、不同流速和温度)下的自净过程。结果表明:在无大气复氧条件下,厌氧微生物活性较高而好氧微生物活性较低,使得氨态氮在底泥中厌氧微生物的活动下大量释放积累并影响了其硝化作用及好氧反硝化作用。低温下底泥和上覆水中微生物的活性均较低,氮的释放及转化均受影响。因此,在引水工程中可增加跌水等工程以增加受纳水体的复氧能力,夏天引水时可适当减少引水时间和流量,延长引水周期。关键词:引水;受纳水体;自净;底泥;复氧;流速;温度中图分类号:X522文献标识码:A文章编号:1001-7119(2014)09-0202-06EffectsofNaturalandWaterDiversionFactorsonSelf-purificationofTheReceivingWatersMoZulan,ShaoWeiyun,LiuXiaowei(DepartmentofCivilEngineering,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310058,China)Abstract:Inordertoinvestigatetheeffectofthewaterdiversionontheself-purificationofthereceivingwater,bench-scaleexperimentsusingthenitrogennutrientsaswaterqualityindexwereconductedandfourinfluencingfactors(sediment,reaeration,flowvelocitiesandtemperature)wereevaluated.ThesedimentandmodelwaterusedinexperimentswerewithdrawnfromJiaxingrivers.Theresultssuggestthatriversedimentcanreleasethepollutantstotheoverlyingwater,whichresultsintheaccumulationofnitrogenandreductionoftheconversionefficiency,butdecreaseinTNcontentoftheoverlyingwatermaybeobtained.Rearationcansignificantlypromotethenitrogentransformation,revealingthatwaterfallcouldbeachoiceforimprovingtheself-purificationcapacityofoverlyingwater.Increasingvelocityisabletoimprovedissolvedoxygenintheoverlyingwater,butalsoleadtothesedimentresuspensionandpollutantrelease.Thewatertemperatureispositivelyrelatedtothenitrogenconversion.Itcanbeconcludedthatshortdiversiontime,asmallerwaterdiversionflowrateandalongerdiversionintervalinsummerbenefittheself-purificationofreceivingwater.Keywords:waterdiversion;receivingwaters;self-purification;sediment;reaeration;velocity;temperature第30卷第9期2014年9月科技通报科技通报BULLETINOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYVol.30No.9Sep.2014第9期随着我国经济和城市化的快速发展,大量未经处理的工业废水直接排入河流、湖泊和大海[1],伴以农业非点源污染以及生活污水的排入,对该地区水环境造成巨大影响。平原地区地势平坦,河网交错,水流量小、流速缓慢甚至滞流,不利于污染物的扩散和稀释
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