水泥窑共处置废白土的环境效益分析

中国环境科学2010,30(6)：808~815ChinaEnvironmentalScience水泥窑共处置废白土的环境效益分析李璐,黄启飞*,蔡木林,闫大海(中国环境科学研究院固体废物污染控制技术研究所,北京100012)摘要：以废白土为研究对象,应用生命周期评价法(LCA)对水泥窑共处置和焚烧炉处置系统3个类别的环境影响[人类健康(HH)、生态系统质量(EQ)和资源(R)]进行研究和对比分析.结果表明,水泥窑共处置废白土有利于环境的可持续发展,焚烧炉处置对环境的影响较大.水泥窑共处置和焚烧炉处置功能单位废白土的总环境负荷分别为-1.03,0.273Pt,前者的环境负荷比后者减少了477%,相应各指标的减少率为:HH413%,EQ479%,R36.9%.EQ在2种处置方式的LCA中均为最敏感的影响指标.水泥窑系统中,避免了贡献率占97%以上的矿山开采阶段的环境影响,是降低整个系统环境影响的关键环节;焚烧炉系统中,电力消耗是造成环境破坏的重要阶段,对各影响指标都有很高的贡献率.二、苯、重金属的排放是水泥窑共处置废白土的主要影响因子;粉尘和重金属排放对焚烧处置系统的影响较大.关键词：水泥窑共处置；焚烧炉；废白土；生命周期评价；环境效益中图分类号：X705文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-6923(2010)06-0808-08Environmentalbenefitsofco-processingspentbleachingclayincementkilnbasedonlifecycleassessment.LILu,HUANGQi-fei*,CAIMu-lin,YANDa-hai(ResearchInstituteofSolidWasteManagement,ChineseResearchAcademyofEnvironmentalSciences,Beijing100012,China).ChinaEnvironmentalScience,2010,30(6)：808~815Abstract：Lifecycleassessmentwasusedtocomparetheenvironmentalimpactoftwodisposalwaysforspentbleachingclay:co-processinginacementkilnandincinerationincommonhazardouswasteincinerator.Threeenvironmentalimpactcategories,humanhealth(HH),ecosystemquality(EQ)andresource(R)werequantified.Co-processingincementkilnwasmorebeneficialforsustainabledevelopmentofenvironmentthancommonincineration.Theenvironmentburdenswere-1.03,0.273Ptforco-processingandincineratingsystem,respectively.Thewholeburdeninco-processingsystemwasreducedbyafactorof479%,comparedtothatinincineratingsystem.ThereductionratesforHH,EQandRwere413%,479%and36.9%,respectively.EQwasthemostsensitiveimpactcategoryforbothLCAofco-processingandincineratingsystems.Itcontributedgreatlyforthereductionofenvironmentalburdeninco-processingsystemthatrawmaterialmining,whichaccountfor97%oftotalenvironmentalburden.Intheincineratingsystem,electricityconsumptionmadethegreatestcontributionforallthe3environmentalimpactcategories.Dioxin,benzeneandheavymetalswerethemostimportantfactorsforco-processingspentbleachingclayincementkilns,whiledustandheavymetalswerethemostimportantonestotheincineratingsystem.