湖南省农村饮用水与环境卫生现状调查研究_张兆强

文章编号:1006-3110(2010)07-1283-03【论著】湖南省农村饮用水与环境卫生现状调查研究张兆强,黄涛,吴传业,陈帅摘要:目的对农村饮用水卫生状况、农村垃圾污水治理情况进行调查研究,为制定农村饮用水安全发展规划及社会主义新农村建设提供科学依据。方法在充分考虑代表性的原则下,在全省按比例分层随机选取26个县进行农村饮用水与环境卫生现状调查,并根据饮用水水质监测和环境卫生现状调查结果进行统计分析。结果调查县农村居民供水方式以分散式供水为主,占83.49%;饮用水源以地下水为主,占75.77%;饮水水质总体合格率为21.2%。集中式供水合格率(24.2%)高于分散式供水合格率(18.8%),但差异无统计学意义,不合格者以微生物污染为主。卫生厕所占总户厕的31.34%;生活垃圾、生产垃圾分别占垃圾总量的36.50%和63.50%;污水随意排放占38.14%。结论农村饮用水供水方式和饮用水水质亟待改善,卫生厕所需进一步普及,农村垃圾和污水的无害化处理是改善农村环境卫生状况的重要举措。关键词:农村;饮用水;环境卫生中图分类号:R123.5文献标识码:AInvestigationofPresentSituationofRuralDrinkingWaterandEnvironmentalSanitationinHunanZHANGZhao-qiang,HUANGTao,WUChuan-ye,etal.(HunanProvincialCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention,Changsha410005,Hunan,China)Abstract:ObjectiveToinvestigatethequalityofruraldrinkingwater,thecurrentstatusofgarbage&wastewatercontrolinHunanProvince,andtoprovideascientificbasisforruraldrinkingwatersafetymanagementandconstructionofnewsocialistcountryside.MethodsWithfullconsiderationoftherepresentativeness,26countieswereselectedbystratifiedrandomsamplingtoinvestigatethepresentsituationofruraldrinkingwaterqualityandenvironmentalsanitationinHunanProv-ince.Themonitoringdataofdrinkingwaterqualityandthepresentsituationoftheenvironmentalsanitationwereanalyzed.ResultsDispersedwatersupplywhichaccountedfor83.49%wasthemainmethodintheinvestigatedcounties,and75.77%oftheresourcesofdrinkingwaterwerethegroundwater.Thegrossqualifiedrateofdrinkingwaterwas21.2%.Centralizedwatersupplyhadahigherqualifiedrate(24.2%)thandispersedwatersupply(18.8%),butnostatisticallysig-nificantdifferencewasfoundbetweenthem.Theunqualifiedwaterwasmainlycontaminatedbymicroorganism.Sanitaryla-trineaccountedfor31.34%ofthetotalhouseholdlatrine.Domesticwasteandproductionwasteaccountedfor36.50%and63.50%ofthetotalamountofthewaste,respectively.Sewageadlibitumdischargingaccountedfor38.14%.ConclusionsItisurgenttoimprovethewatersupplymodeanddrinkingwaterqualityinvillages,anduniversalcoverageofsanitaryla-trineisneeded.Garbageandwastewaterinnocuoustreatmentisessentialtoi