生态净化工艺在上海崇明农村污水的应用研究_季兵

第5卷第10期环境工程学报Vol．5，No．102011年10月ChineseJournalofEnvironmentalEngineeringOct．2011生态净化工艺在上海崇明农村污水的应用研究季兵1，2王春龙3陈季华1徐功娣1(1．东华大学环境科学与工程学院，上海200051;2．上海复辰环保科技有限公司，上海200433;3．崇明县环境保护局，上海202150)摘要介绍生态净化的工艺方法。通过在上海崇明前卫村建立示范工程，研究以高效生态纤维塘+潜流式人工湿地组合工艺对有机污染物、氮、磷、浊度等去除效果与机理。结果表明，COD、TN、TP和浊度的平均去除率分别为53．4%、45．3%、49．8%和94．89%。去除有机污染物主要靠微生物代谢，氮的去除主要靠微生物硝化与反硝化，总磷主要通过吸附沉淀去除，浊度主要通过自然沉降，生态纤维和填料表面生物膜的吸附而去除。系统中加入生态纤维填料前后浊度总去除率的平均值分别为79．14%和94．89%;磷解吸附实验表明湿地中陶粒填料对磷的吸收和释放为动态平衡，0．2mg/L析出与吸附达到动态平衡。工程运行成本为0．16元/t污水。表明生态净化技术具有投资省、运行费用低、维护简单、安全高效等特点。其适用于我国农村水环境治理。关键词人工湿地生态纤维塘崇明农村水中图分类号X703文献标识码A文章编号1673-9108(2011)10-2273-06Appliedresearchofeco-purificationcraftsonruralwastewatertreatmentinChongmingofShanghaiJiBing1，2WangChunlong3ChenJihua1XuGongdi1(1．SchoolofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering，DonghuaUniversity，Shanghai200051，China;2．ShanghaiFuchenEnvironmentalScienceandTechnologyCo．，Ltd．，Shanghai200433，China3．ChongmingCountyEnvironmentalProtectionBureau，Shanghai202150，China)AbstractEco-purificationcraftswasintroduced．ThroughsettingupdemonstrationprojectinQianweiVil-lageShanghai，mechanismandtheremovaleffectoforganicpollution，nitrogen，phosphorus，turbidity，etcwiththecraftofefficienteco-fiberpool＆subsurfaceflowconstructedwetlandswerestudied．TheresultsshowedthatCOD，TN，TP，turbidityaverageremovalrateswere53．4%，45.3%，49.8%and94.89%，respectively．Ora-ganicpollutantswereremovedmainlybymicrobialmetabolism．Nitrogenwasremovedmainlybymicrobialnitrifi-cationanddenitrification．Totalphosphoruswasremovedbyadsorptionandprecipitation．Turbiditywasremovedmainlybynaturalsedimentation，membraneonsurfaceofeco-fiberandfilleradsorption．Takingeco-fiberfillersinsystembeforeandafter，theturbidityaverageremovalrateswere79．14%and94．89%，respectively．Phrosphorusdesorptionexperimentsshowedthattheceramicfillerinwetlandsabsorbingandreleasingphosphorusasadynamice-quilibriumstate，0．2mg/Lachievedprecipitationandadsorptiondynamicequilibrium．Projectoperatingcostwas0．16yuanpertonwater．Itindicatesthateco-purificationtechnologyhaslowinvestme