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四川省农村饮用水与环境卫生现状调查_朱鸿斌

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现代预防医学2010年第37卷第20期ModernPreventiveMedicine,2010,Vol.37,NO.20文章编号:1003-8507(2010)20-3842-03中图分类号:R123文献标识码:A【环境与职业卫生】四川省农村饮用水与环境卫生现状调查朱鸿斌,颜玲,张成云,金立坚,孙莉,蔡梅摘要:[目的]了解四川省农村饮用水情况,农村户厕卫生和粪便处理现状,农村垃圾污水治理情况,为制定四川省农村相关治理策略及社会主义新农村建设提供科学依据。[方法]在全省抽取30个县(县级市、区),每县选10个水质监测调查点,在8月采水监测1次;在水质监测点覆盖的乡镇抽取10个行政村,每个村随机选取10户开展现场入户调查。[结果]30个县(市、区)饮用集中式供水的人口为280.927万人,占16.51%;饮用分散式供水的人口1420.448万人,占调查人口的83.49%,表明四川省农村集中式供水比例极低。30个项目县共调查了农村总户数5186943户,使用卫生厕所1105102户,卫生厕所普及率21.31%;使用非卫生厕所3916727户,非卫生厕所使用率75.51%;无厕户165114户,无厕率3.18%。四川省农村垃圾中生活性垃圾占35.05%,生产性垃圾占64.95%;四川省农村地区污水以生活性污水为主,占59.42%;生产性污水占40.58%。[结论]四川省农村自来水覆盖率偏低;垃圾处理和废水处理情况不乐观,亟待整治提高。关键词:饮用水;环境卫生;卫生厕所ANALYSISANDINVESTIGATIONONTHEDRINKINGWATERQUALITYANDENVIRON-MENTALSANITATIONINSICHUANRURALAREASZHUHong-bin,YANLing,ZHANGCheng-yun,etal.(SichuanCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention,Chengdu610041,China)Abstract:[Objective]Tounderstandthedrinkingwatersituation,thesanitarystatusofhouseholds’toilet,andthesewagetreatmentandexcretadisposalconditioninruralareasinSichuanprovince,soastoprovideascientificgroundfores-tablishingpollutioncontrolstrategyandbuildinganewsocialistcountryside.[Methods]30samplecountieswereselectedintheprovince(county-levelcitiesordistricts),10waterqualitymonitoringpoints(counties)wassurveyedineachsamplecountyinAugust;theon-siteinvestigationonsanitaryconditionwaspracticallycarriedoutin10randomlyselectedhouseholdsinmonitoringcounties.[Results]Surveywasexpressedineachrespectasbelow,asfaraswatersupplywasconcerned,apopulationof2,809,270peoplein30counties(cities,districts)hadcentralizeddrinkingwatersupply,accountingfor16.51%ofthesurveyedpopulation;thepopulationwithdistributeddrinkingwatersupplywas14204.48thousands,represent-ing83.49%ofsurveyedpopulation,whichshowedthattheproportionofruralpopulationwithcentralizedwatersupplyinourprovincewasstillquitelow.Asfortoiletsanitarycondition,Amongatotalof30projectcounties,5186.943thousandshouse-holdsinruralareaswasinvestigated,1105.102thousandshouseholdsoutofthetotalsurveypopulation5186.943

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