高效藻类塘对农村生活污水的处理及氮的迁移转化_黄翔峰

高效藻类塘对农村生活污水的处理及氮的迁移转化黄翔峰,闻岳,何少林,陈广,李旭东,杨殿海,周琪(同济大学环境科学与工程学院污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,上海200092)摘要:研究了高效藻类塘系统处理高氮农村污水氮的去除及其迁移转化规律.高效藻类塘和水生高等植物塘水力停留时间分别为8d和4d,进水总氮和氨氮分别为17.13～133.2mgL和1.85～108.3mgL,两级高效藻类塘对总氮和氨氮的全年平均去除效率分别为29.4%和91.6%,季节处理效率排序为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季.高效藻类塘中氨氮的降解和转化途径依次为硝化作用、藻类同化吸收及其他途径、氨氮挥发;硝化作用占氨氮总转化量的50%以上;高效藻类塘内可以发生氨氮沉淀,但可忽略不计.总氮的去除以藻类同化形成颗粒有机氮经分离后得以去除为主,氨氮挥发较少.可采用藻类塘出水回流至化粪池或改进水生高等植物塘构造强化反硝化,提高系统的整体脱氮效果.关键词:高效藻类塘;农村生活污水;脱氮;迁移转化中图分类号:X703.1文献标识码:A文章编号:0250-3301(2008)08-2219-08收稿日期:2007-08-04;修订日期:2007-08-23基金项目:国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2002AA601012)作者简介:黄翔峰(1974～),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为水污染控制,E-mail:hxf@mail.tongji.edu.cnMigrationandTransformationofNitrogeninaHRAPTreatingDomesticWastewaterinRuralAreaHUANGXiang-feng,WENYue,HEShao-lin,CHENGuang,LIXu-dong,YANGDian-hai,ZHOUQi(StateKeyLaboratoryofPollutionControlandResourceReuse,CollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,TongjiUniversity,Shanghai200092,China)Abstract:Themigrationandtransformationofnitrogenwerestudiedinahigh-ratealgalpond(HRAP)treatingdomesticwastewater.Totalnitrogenvariedfrom17.13mgLto133.2mgLwhileammoniarangedfrom1.85mgLto108.3mgLindomesticwastewater.AtHRTof8d,theannualaverageremovalefficiencyforTNandammoniawere29.4%and91.6%,respectivelyinthetwo-stageHRAP.Thetreatmentperformancerankedinadescendingorderasfollows:summer,autumn,spring,winter.ThemajormechanismforthemigrationandtransformationofnitrogeninHRAPwerenitrification,assimilationbyalgaeandotherssuchasammoniaevaporation.Nitrificationcontributedtomorethan50%ofammoniaremoval.Despitethepossibility,thecontributionofammoniaprecipitationwasnegligibleinHRAP.Thetotalnitrogenwasmainlyremovedthroughassimilationintoparticularorganicsandsubsequentseparation.Thecontributionofammoniaevaporationtototalnitrogenremovalwasmarginal.TheoverallremovalofTNcanbeimprovedbyrecyclingsometreatedeffluenttotheupstreamseptictankorbyupgradingapolishinghydrophytepond.Keywords:high-ratealgalpond;domesticwastewaterinruralareas;nitrogenremoval;migrationandtransformation随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高,大量营养盐型污染物随污水和地