江苏农村_三格式_化粪池污水处理效果评价_王玉华

江苏农村“三格式”化粪池污水处理效果评价王玉华1,2,方颖3,焦隽4(1.南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,江苏南京210037;2.江苏省环境保护厅,江苏南京210036;3.国家环境保护总局南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042;4.南京农业大学农学院,江苏南京210095)摘要:“三格式”化粪池是江苏农村改厕中普遍使用的1种污水处理方式,约占全省农村卫生厕所的50%,其处理效果直接影响农村水环境质量。在江苏省9个县(市、区)中选取168户农民正常使用的“三格式”化粪池作为研究对象,于2006年6月至8月每隔5d、连续3次分别在其进、出口采取水样进行监测、分析。结果表明,“三格式”化粪池对CODCr、TN和TP的去除率分别为48.51%、6.83%和23.92%;苏南地区好于苏中地区,苏北地区最差;“三格式”化粪池处理效果差于沼气化粪池,处理后的尾水未达国家污水排放标准,排入环境会造成较大影响。关键词:“三格式”化粪池;处理效果;评价;江苏中图分类号:X820.6文献标识码:A文章编号:1673-4831(2008)02-0080-04EvaluationofNightSoilTreatmentEfficiencyof“Three-Grille-Mode”SepticTanksintheRuralAreaofJiangsu.WANGYu-hua1,2,FANGYing3,JIAOJun4(1.CollegeofForestResourcesandEnvironment,NanjingForestryUniversity,Nanjing210037,China;2.JiangsuEnvironmentalProtectionBureau,Nanjing210036,China;3.NanjingInstituteofEnvironmentalSciences,StateEnvironmentPro-tectionAdministration,Nanjing210042,China;4.CollegeofAgriculture,NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,Nanjing210095,China)Abstract:“Three-Grille-Mode”septictankisacommonapproachusedinrenovatinglatrinesintheruralareasinJiangsu,accountingforabout50%ofthetotalsanitarylatrinesinthearea.Itstreatmentefficiencydirectlyaffectsqualityoftheruralwaterenvironment.Atotalof168normallyrunning“Three-Grille-Mode”latrinesin9cities(counties)ofJiangsuwereselectedasobjectsoftheresearch.IntheperiodfromJunetoAugust,2006,watersampleswerecollectedattheinletandoutletofthelatrines3timesconsecutivelywithanintervalof5days.Analysisofthesamplesshowedthat“Three-Grille-Mode”septictankscouldreduceCODCrby48.51%,TNby6.83%andTPby23.92%,andtheefficiencyvariedwiththeinfluentconcentration,andfollowedadecreasingorderofSouthJiangsu>CentralJiangsu>NorthJiangsu.Generalyitstreatmentefficiencywaslowerthanthebiogas-digester′s.Thetreatedwaterflowingoutoftheseptictanksfailstomeetthecriteriaofthenationalstandardforwastewaterdischargeanditsdischargewillsignificantlyaffecttheenvironment.Keywords:“Three-Grille-Mode”septictank;treatmentefficiency;evaluation;Jiangsu农村厕所卫生是衡量一个国家和地区文明程度的标志之一,改善农村环境卫生、提高农民生活环境质量是建设社会主义新农村的重要内容。在各级