某炼油厂污水处理过程职业病危害调查与关键控制点分析

·论著·某炼油厂污水处理过程职业病危害调查与关键控制点分析杨淼，谢锋，邢亚飞，杜文霞，张双保，孙苑菡，刘亚杰兵器工业卫生研究所科研三室，陕西西安710065摘要:目的了解某炼油厂污水处理过程中产生的职业病危害因素水平与分布状况，分析采取的职业病防护措施，确定职业病危害的关键控制点和关键控制措施。方法依据国家相关标准，采用职业卫生调查、职业卫生检测、综合分析等方法进行现场检测及综合评价。结果该炼油厂污水处理过程产生的主要职业病危害因素包括其他粉尘、硫化氢、二氧化硫、氨、苯、甲苯、二甲苯以及噪声等。检测结果表明，其他粉尘和化学毒物浓度均远低于职业接触限值要求，氧氮压缩机房离心压缩机巡检位噪声强度为96.2dB(A)、生物滤池离心鼓风机放风口巡检位噪声强度达108.0dB(A)，接触噪声强度不符合卫生限值要求。结论该炼油厂采取的职业病防护措施运行有效，污水处理过程中职业病危害防治关键控制点为浮油池、油水分离池、复合分离池、泥水分离池、油气处理池、油泥处理间、污泥干化场、加药间等工作场所，职业病危害防治的重点是加强污水处理各生产线阀门及管道的日常维护和检修，确保正常运行。关键词:炼油厂;职业病危害;关键控制点;污水处理中图分类号:Ｒ135文献标识码:A文章编号:1671-4199(2014)05-0377-04OccupationalhazardsandcriticalcontrolpointsinwastewatertreatmentprocessofarefineryYANGMiao，XIEFeng，XINGYa－fei，DUWen－xia，ZHANGShuang－bao，SUNYuan－han，LIUYa－jieTheThirdDivision，InstituteofIndustrialHygieneofOrdanceIndustry，Xi’anShaanxi710065，ChinaAbstract:ObjectiveTounderstandthelevelanddistributionofoccupationalhazardsinthewastewatertreatmentprocessofrefinery，analyzepreventivemeasuresandprovidecriticalcontrolpointsandmeasuresforattentionatwork.MethodsAccordingtorelatednationalhygienicstandards，methodsincludingfieldinvestigation，detectionofhazardousfactorsoccu-pationalhazardsandcomprehensiveanalysiswerecarriedoutforcomprehensiveassessment.ＲesultsThemainoccupationalriskfactorsinwastewatertreatmentprocesswereotherdust，hydrogensulfide，sulfurdioxide，ammonia，ben-zene，toluene，xyleneandnoise.Theresultsshowedthattheconcentrationsofotherdustandchemicalpoisonswerealllowerthanthoseofnationalstandards，whiletheintensitiesofnoisedetectedinpatrolpositionofcentrifugalcompressorandcentrifugalblowerwere96.2dB(A)and108.0dB(A)，respectively，whichexceededrelativestandards.ConclusionTheprotectivemeasuresonoccupationalhazardsintheprojectarefeasibleandeffective.Thecriticalpointsinwastewatertreatmentprocessareoccupationalhazardsfoundinfloatingoilbath，oilwaterseparationpool，slurryseparationpool，oilandgastreatingpool，oilandslurrytreatingroomandchemicalroom.Thecriticalcontrolmeasuresareenhancingdailyma-intenanceofpipeandcalveinordertoensurenormalop