二次供水突发水污染事件案例分析
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2020-03-02 11:00:30
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《环境卫生学杂志》2014年10月第4卷第5期JournalofEnvironmentalHygieneOct.2014,Vol.4No.5【调查研究】二次供水突发水污染事件案例分析刘成曾德才高育明陈夏基金项目:上海卫生监督科研基金项目《突发水污染事件案例分析及应对研究》作者简介:刘成,卫生管理初级师,主要从事公共卫生监督工作作者单位:上海市金山区卫生局卫生监督所联系方式:上海市金山区朱泾镇人民路95号;邮编:201599;Email:13918678112@139.com通信作者:曾德才,副研究员,主要从事公共卫生监督工作;Email:Zd_cai@126.com摘要:目的了解二次供水突发水污染事件发生的原因和特点。方法收集28例二次供水污染事故案例,回顾分析其原因、调查处置及防范措施。结果二次供水污染以生物性污染为主,占85.7%;以低位蓄水池污水逆流、蓄水池破损渗漏、管网破损渗漏、污染物直接污染为主,发生率分别为35.7%、17.9%、10.7%、14.3%,调查处置时可从这些方面首先考虑;健康危害以消化道症状为主,占60.7%。结论调查时应选择合适的指标,提高调查效率;对于二次供水突发水污染事件的处置应考虑全面,从源头消除风险隐患,保护暴露人群。二次供水设施管理单位应加强预防性审核及日常监管,避免二次供水突发水污染事件的发生,条件允许时建议取消二次供水设施或使用无负压供水设备、减少供水环节。关键词:二次供水;污染;原因;调查;处置CaseStudyonAccidentsPollutionofSecondaryWaterSuppliesLiuCheng,ZengDecai,GaoYuming,ChenXiaAbstract:ObjectivesTounderstandthereasonsandfeaturesofaccidentsforthepollutionofsecondarywa-tersupplies.MethodsTwentyeightpollutioncasesforsecondarywatersupplywerecollected,andtheirreasons,managementandpreventionmeasureswereanalyzedretrospectively.ResultsThemainformofpollutionforsec-ondarywatersupplywasbiologicalpollution,accountedfor85.7%,suchasthecountercurrentflowofsewagetothereservoirlocatedinlowerposition,thebreakageandleakageofreservoirandpipelines,andthewaterpolluteddirectlybycontaminants;theincidenceswere35.7%,17.9%,10.7%and14.3%respectively.Theinvestiga-tionandmanagementshouldbestartedfromtheseitemsfirstly.Themainmanifestationofhealthhazardwasindi-gestivesystem,accountedfor60.7%ofallsymptoms.ConclusionsAppropriateindexesshouldbeselectedtoin-creasetheefficiencyofinvestigation.Themanagementshouldbeconsideredcomprehensively,includingelimina-tingrisksfromthesourceandtoprotecttheexposedpopulation.Preventiveexaminationanddailysupervisionshouldbestrengthenedtoavoidtheoccurrenceofsecondarywatersupplyaccidents.Whenconditionwaspermitted,usingakindofnon-negativepressurewatersupplysystemtoreplacethesecondarywatersupplysystemwassugges-tedtoshortenthewatersupplychain.Keywords:secondarywatersupply,pollution,reason,investigation,management二次供水污染是目前饮用水污染的重要途径,市民反映二次供水水质
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