太湖东部湖湾大型水生植物分布对水质的影响

中国环境科学2014,34(11)：2881~2887ChinaEnvironmentalScience太湖东部湖湾大型水生植物分布对水质的影响向速林1,2,朱梦圆1,朱广伟1*,许海1(1.中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008；2.华东交通大学环境工程系,江西南昌330013)摘要：调查了太湖东部湖湾(贡湖湾、光福湾、渔洋湾)秋季沉水与浮叶植物的种类组成、覆盖度及水体理化性质,分析了大型水生植物的生长与分布对湖水总氮、总磷、透明度与叶绿素(Chl-a)等水质因子的影响.结果表明,太湖东部不同湖湾大型水生植物的分布状况具有明显差异,其分布频度在4.8%~95.2%,并以马来眼子菜分布频度最高.大型水生植物的生长对水体营养盐含量、理化因子等具有较为明显的影响,水生植物生长区湖水不同形态营养盐含量均低于无水生植物生长区,其总氮与总磷平均含量分别低约39%与51%.此外,蓝藻水华首先会在有水生植物生长的区域堆积,且沉水植物生长优势区蓝藻水华堆积程度要高于浮叶植物生长优势区,表现为该区域Chl-a平均浓度最高,达11.15µg/L,而浮叶植物区Chl-a平均浓度为9.98µg/L,无水生植物区的水华堆积程度最低,其Chl-a平均浓度为7.19µg/L.因此,针对不同水生植物生长区,其水体富营养化治理策略亦不同.关键词：太湖东部湖湾；沉水植物；浮叶植物；营养盐中图分类号：X173文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-6923(2014)11-2881-07InfluenceofmacrophytesonwaterqualityintheeasternbaysofLakeTaihu,China.XIANGSu-lin1,2,ZHUMeng-yuan1,ZHUGuang-wei1*,XUHai1(1.StateKeyLaboratoryofLakeScienceandEnvironment,NanjingInstituteofGeographyandLimnology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Nanjing210008,China；2.DepartmentofEnvironmentEngineering,EastChinaJiaoTongUniversity,Nanchang330013,China).ChinaEnvironmentalScience,2014,34(11)：2881~2887Abstract：Effectsofmacrophytegrowthandwaterqualitydistributionfactorssuchastotalnitrogen(TN),totalphosphorus(TP),transparencyandchlorophyllawerestudiedinaninvestigationonspeciecompositions,coverageofmacrophyteandphysicochemicalpropertiesofwaterbodyineasternbaysofLakeTaihu(GonghuBay,GuangfuBayandYuangBay).TheresultsshowedthatPotamogetonwrightiiMorongwasthemostpopularspecieamonythreebays.Thecoverageofmacropyhtewasspatiallydifferentamongsurveysites,withthecoveragerangedfrom4.8%to95.2%.Nutrientsinthemacrophyte-coverageareaweresignificantlylowerthanthoseinthenon-macrophyteareawithadecreaseofTNandTPconcentrationof39%and51%,However,beinglocatesattheborderofMicrocystisbloomregion,themacrophytesalsoeasytocatchthefloatingbloom,inwhichthesubmergedmacrophytesshowedhigherabilitytocatchthebloomthanfloatingmacrophytesdid.Therefore,differentaquaticvegetationzonesofLakeTaihuneedthecorrespondingstrategiestorestorewaterquality.Keywords：easternbaysofLakeTaihu；submerge