长江沿线城市水源氯-胺-化消毒副产物生成潜能研究

中国环境科学2014,34(10)：2497~2504ChinaEnvironmentalScience长江沿线城市水源氯(胺)化消毒副产物生成潜能研究黄河1,徐斌1*,朱文倩1,秦朗1,马玉英2(1.同济大学污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,长江水环境教育部重点实验室,上海200092；2.上海市自来水市南有限公司闵行自来水厂,上海200245)摘要：以长江上游重庆、中游武汉、下游上海等大城市的长江饮用水源为研究对象,在对溶解性有机物分子量和亲疏水性分离的基础上,分别采用氯和氯胺两种方式消毒,对比分析了相同时期沿江这些城市原水中氯(胺)化常规和新兴含氮消毒副产物生成潜能的分子组成规律.研究表明,重庆、武汉、上海三地的溶解性有机物均以小分子前体物为主,主要分布在<1kDa的区间内,且以强疏水性成分和亲水性成分为主,原水经氯(胺)化可产生三卤甲烷、卤乙酸、卤乙腈、三氯硝基甲烷等类型的消毒副产物;三地的氯(胺)化主要的含碳消毒副产物(C-DBPs)和含氮消毒副产物(N-DBPs)生成潜能均在<1kDa的区间内最大,从上游到下游,在<1kDa的区间内的生成潜能占各自总潜能比例逐渐增加.三地的氯(胺)化的C-DBPs和N-DBPs生成潜能均以强疏水性组分或亲水性组分为主,且氯胺化可导致亲水性组分C-DBPs和N-DBPs生成潜能所占总量比例增加.关键词：分子量；亲水性；疏水性；C-DBPs；N-DBPs；生成潜能中图分类号：TU99文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-6923(2014)10-2497-08Distributionofdisinfectionby-productformationpotentialbychlor(am)inationinthreemegalopolisalongYangtzeriver.HUANGHe1,XUBin1*,ZHUWen-qian1,QINLang1,MAYu-ying2(1.KeyLaboratoryofYangtzeAquaticEnvironment,MinistryofEducation,StateKeyLaboratoryofPollutionControlandResourceReuse,TongjiUniversity,Shanghai200092,China；2.MinhangWaterTreatmentPlantofShanghaiShiNanWaterSupplyCompany,Shanghai200245,China).ChinaEnvironmentalScience,2014,34(10)：2497~2504Abstract：Dissolvedorganicmatter(DOM)inrawwaterfromupperYangtzeRiverinChongqing,middleYangtzeRiverinWuhan,lowerYangtzeRiverinShanghaiwasisolatedintofractionswithdifferenthydrophobicityandmolecularweight(MW)byresinadsorptionandultra-filtration,respectively,toinvestigateandregulateemergingdisinfectionbyproductsformationpotentialduringchlorinationandchloraminationforeachfraction.ResearchshowtedthatDOMfromChongqing,WuhanandShanghaiwasmainlyconstitutedofMW<1kDaorganiccompounds,hydrophilicandhydrophobicfractions.Trihalometheanes,haloketones,haloaceticacids,haloacetonitrilesandchloropicrinwereformedafterchlorinationandchloramination.Amongthreecities,MW<1kDafractionsgavethehighestyieldofcarbonaceousdisinfectionbyproducts(C-DBPs)andnitrogenousdisinfectionbyproducts(N-DBPs),andtheproportionofMW<1kDaformationpotentialtendedtoascendfromtheupperYangtzeRivertolowerYangtzeRiver;Amongallthreemegalopo