生物质碳源组合型生态浮床系统脱氮效果研究

第8卷第8期环境工程学报Vol．8，No．82014年8月ChineseJournalofEnvironmentalEngineeringAug.2014生物质碳源组合型生态浮床系统脱氮效果研究王芳1张汇文2吴国华2赵良杰1张饮江1，3*(1.上海海洋大学水产与生命学院，上海201306;2.上海市南洋模范中学，上海200032;3.水域环境生态上海高校工程研究中心，上海201306)摘要利用农业废弃物和水生植物，结合水下空间与水面景观，构建集成脱氮技术的新型立体组合式生态浮床系统用以地表水体中氮的脱除以净化水质。立体生态浮床运行2个月之后的结果显示，NH3-N、TN和CODMn的去除率可分别达到96.77%、95.51%和77.75%，本浮床具有较高脱氮能力，水体净化效果明显;同时，整个生态浮床系统的生物多样性较为丰富，原水分别为Ⅴ类和劣Ⅴ类的池2和池5中分别鉴定出6种和8种主要氨氧化菌谱带，位于系统中部的玉米芯和稻草表面微生物多样性丰富程度较高;稻草和底泥中氨氧化菌的谱带种类最多。与池2相比，池5中除了存在共有谱带外，还存在特有谱带h和j带，表明可能有特殊氨氧化菌群的存在。本组合型生态浮床具有同步硝化与反硝化作用，利于沉水植物生长，并能促进水生态系统构建。关键词生态浮床脱氮硝化反硝化碳源氨氧化菌水质中图分类号X703文献标识码A文章编号1673-9108(2014)08-3099-08StudyonnitrogenremovaleffectofbiomasscarbonreleasecombinedecologicalfloatingbedsystemWangFang1ZhangHuiwen2WuGuohua2ZhaoLiangjie1ZhangYinjiang1，3(1.CollegeofFisheriesandLifeScience，ShanghaiOceanUniversity，Shanghai201306，China;2.ShanghaiNanYangModelHighSchool，Shanghai200032，China;3.EngineeringＲesearchCenterforWaterEnvironmentEcologyinShanghai，Shanghai201306，China)AbstractEcologicalfloatingbedbasedonagriculturalwasteandaquaticplantsincombinationwithunder-waterspaceandwaterlandscapewasusedtoremovenitrogenfromsurfacewatertoimprovethewaterquality．TheexperimentalresultsshowedthattheremovalefficienciesofNH3-N，totalnitrogen(TN)andCODMnwere96.77%，95.51%and77.75%，respectively，whichmeanstheecologicalfloatingbedhadthehighabilitytoremovenitrogenandimprovewaterqualityobviously．Meanwhile，thediversityofmicroorganismwasrelativehighinthesystem，and6and8speciesofammonia-oxidizingbacteriawereindentifiedinpool2andpool5re-ceivingVgradeandinferiorVgrade，respectively．Thediversityofmicroorganismoncorncobsurfaceandstrawinthemiddleofthesystemwashigherinthewholesystem，however，thestrawandsedimenthadthemostammo-nia-oxidizingbacteriabandsspecies．Therearestillsomeotherbandssuchasjandhzoneinpool5inadditiontomanysimilarbandscomparedwithpool2，whichindicatedthepresentofspecialammoniaoxidizingbacteria．Itcanbeconcludedfromthepresentstudythatnitrificationanddenitrificationcanbeachievedsimultaneouslyintheecological