西安市阎良区降氟改水工程预防地方性氟中毒效果评价

书·卫生管理与研究·西安市阎良区降氟改水工程预防地方性氟中毒效果评价EffectoftheprojectoflowingfluoridecontentindrinkingwateronpreventionofendemicfluorosisinYanliangDistrictofXi’an张继卫ZHANGJi-wei陕西省西安市阎良区疾病预防控制中心，710089摘要:目的了解西安市阎良区(饮水型地方性氟中毒病区)降氟改水工程15年来地方性氟中毒病情变化趋势，评价降氟改水防病效果，为调整饮水型氟中毒策略提供依据。方法对全区农村饮水现状和改水工程正常使用情况进行调查，测定末梢水和儿童尿氟含量;儿童进行氟斑牙诊断，成人进行氟骨症诊断。结果病区村全部改水，管道入户率为100%，病区村改水工程设备10年来运转正常，受益人口达26.3万人。儿童氟斑牙患病率为4.13%;成人氟骨症临床患病率为1.82%;水氟含量合格工程52个，合格率为100%。结论降氟改水是降低饮水型氟中毒发病的有效措施;儿童氟斑牙患病率和成人氟骨症临床患病率比改水前明显下降，应继续注意病情动态变化。关键词:饮水型地方性氟中毒;氟斑牙;氟骨症;效果评价中国图书资料分类号:Ｒ123.5文献标识码:A文章编号:1004－1257(2014)17－封二－02EffectoftheprojectoflowingfluoridecontentindrinkingwateronpreventionofendemicfluorosisinYanliangDistrictofXi’anZHANGJi-weiYanliangCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention，Xi’anShanxi，710089，ChinaAbstract:［Objective］TounderstandthevariationtrendofendemicfluorosisinYanliangDistrict(drinkingwaterendemicfluorosisarea)aftercarryingouttheprojectoflowingfluoridecontentindrinkingwater15years，evaluatetheeffect，providebasisforadjus-tingthepreventivestrategies．［Methods］Thecurrentsituationofdrinkingwaterinruralareaandnormalusingsituationofthepro-jectwereinvestigated，thecontentoffluorineintapwaterandchildrenurineweredetected，dentalfluorosisofchildrenandskeletalfluorosisofadultswerediagnosed．［Ｒesults］Thewaterinendemicareawasallimproved，therateofpipedintohomeswas100%．Theequipmentsofprojectrunfaultlesslyforthepasttenyears，beneficiarieswere263000．Theprevalencerateofdentalfluorosisinchildrenwas4．13%，andtheskeletalfluorosisinadultswas1．83%．Thequalifiedprojectofwaterfluorinecontentwas52，andthequalifiedratewas100%．［Conclusion］Lowingfluoridecontentindrinkingwateristheeffectivemeasuretoreducethedrink-ing-waterendemicfluorosis，theprevalenceofdentalfluorosisinchildrenandskeletalfluorosisinadultsfallsignificantly，weshouldcontinuetopayattentiontothedynamicchangeofthedisease．Keywords:Drinkingwaterendemicfluorosis;Dentalfluorosis;Skeletalfluorosis;Effectevaluation作者简介:张继卫，男，主管医师，主要从事地方病防治工作。1999年国际儿童基金委员会(UNICEF)的报告表明，全球估计有20亿的人口濒临氟中毒的危险［1］。氟中毒是我