洱海湖滨带植被特征及其影响因素分析
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2020-03-02 12:35:35
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J.LakeSci.(湖泊科学),2011,23(5):738-746http://www.jlakes.org.E-mail:jlakes@niglas.ac.cn2011byJournalofLakeSciences洱海湖滨带植被特征及其影响因素分析*厉恩华1,2,王学雷1,2,蔡晓斌1,2,王晓艳1,赵素婷1(1:中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所,武汉430077)(2:湖北省环境与灾害监测评估重点实验室,武汉430077)摘要:2009年5至12月对洱海湖滨带植被进行了3次调查,共鉴定出维管植物47科108属145种,其中乔灌木15种、湿生草本植物75种、挺水植物15种、浮叶和漂浮植物各7种、沉水植物26种;有红柳(Salixcavaleriei)、菰(Zizanialatifo-lia)、菱(Trapanatans)和黄丝草(Potamogetonmaackianus)等15个植物群落,水生植物覆盖面积占洱海面积的8%,各点位平均物种数和生物量分别为9个和12.5kg(FW)/m2,沉水植物Margalef物种丰富度指数为1.8706.结合资料分析表明:经10余年的治理和修复,洱海植物多样性有所提高,北部植物多样性降低的局面得到改善,但存在着湖滨带狭窄、挺水植物群落类型单调、植被覆盖面积变小、固有区系成分有待恢复等问题.应加强缓冲区建设,以增强湖滨带功能,提高水体透明度,增加洱海植被覆盖面积.关键词:洱海;湖滨带;生态修复;水生植物;演变FeaturesofaquaticvegetationandtheinfluencefactorsinErhailakeshorewetlandLIEnhua1,2,WANGXuelei1,2,CAIXiaobin1,2,WANGXiaoyan1&ZHAOSuting1(1:InstituteofGeodesyandGeophysics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Wuhan430077,P.R.China)(2:KeyLaboratoryofMonitoringandEstimateforEnvironmentandDisasterofHubeiProvince,Wuhan430077,P.R.China)Abstract:ThevascularflorainLakeErhaiwetlandwasinvestigatedfromMaytoDecemberin2009,andwefound145speciesbe-longedto108generain47families,including15treesandshrubs,75hygrophytes,15emergentmacrophytes,26submergedmac-rophytes,7floating-leavedandfloatingplants,respectively.Thewetlandheld15communities,suchasSalixcavaleriei,Zizanialatifolia,TrapanatansandPotamogetonmaackianuscomm.Aquaticvegetationcoveredabout8%oftotalwaterareaofthelake,andtheaveragespeciesnumberandbiomasswere9and12.5kg(FW)/m2inexploringsites,respectively.RichnessindexofMargalefspecieswas1.8706insubmergedmacrophytezone.Analysiswithcombinationsofexistingdataindicatedthatplantdiver-sityincreasedafterenhancingmanagementandlakeshorewetlandrestorationintherecenttenyearsandimprovedthesituationofplantdiversitydecreasinginthenorthernlake.However,manyproblemsstillexistinthelakeshorewetland,suchasnarrowlake-shoreareas,monotonousemergentmacrophyteinthecommunity,lowcoverageofaquaticvegetation,andtheinherentfloraingredi-enttoberestored.Inordertoimprovefunctionsofthelakeshorewetland,toin
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