洱海湖滨带水质的时空变化规律

中国环境科学2011,31(7)：1192~1196ChinaEnvironmentalScience洱海湖滨带水质的时空变化规律尹延震1,储昭升1*,赵明2,李泽坤2,叶碧碧1,金相灿1(1.中国环境科学研究院湖泊生态环境创新基地,北京100012；2.大理白族自治州环境监测站,云南大理671000)摘要：对洱海全湖128km湖滨带及其外围敞水区水质进行了为期1a的调查研究.结果表明,洱海湖滨带总氮、氨氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数年平均处于Ⅲ类水平,主要污染因子是总氮和总磷;湖滨带水质季节性变化表现为夏、秋季水质污染重于冬、春季,最重时期是11月.水质空间变化表现为北部污染重于南部,西部重于东部;临近村落、农田区湖滨带总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数浓度均明显高于临近林地、山地区湖滨带;强风浪水动力扰动下,湖滨带近岸(离岸0~60m范围,水深≤2.5m)区域水体总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数浓度均明显高于远岸(离岸70~190m范围,水深3.0~8.0m)区域,而在弱风浪下,离岸远近水质差异不明显.关键词：水质；时空变化；植被恢复；湖滨带；洱海中图分类号：X52文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-6923(2011)07-1192-05Spatialandtemporalchangesinwaterqualityinaquatic-terrestrialecotoneofLakeErhai.YINYan-zhen1,CHUZhao-sheng1*,ZHAOMing2,LIZe-kun2,YEBi-bi1,JINXiang-can1(1.InnovationBaseofLakeEcologicalEnvironment,ChineseResearchAcademyofEnvironmentalSciences,Beijing100012,China；2.EnvironmentalMonitoringofDaLiStation,Dali671000,China).ChinaEnvironmentalScience,2011,31(7)：1192~1196Abstract：LakeErhaiisalarge,shallowfreshwaterplateaulakeinYunnanProvinceinS.W.China.ThewaterqualityofLakeErhaiwasmonitoredalong128kmaquatic-terrestrialecotoneofthislakefromJuly2009toJune2010.Annualmeanconcentrationsoftotalnitrogen(TN),totalphosphorus(TP),andpermanganateindex(CODMn)inaquatic-terrestrialecotonewaterwereclasslevel,andthemaⅢjorpollutionresourceswereTNandTP.Pollutioninaquatic-terrestrialecotonewaterwasworseinsummerandautumnthaninwinterandspring.Pollutioninnorthandwesternofaquatic-terrestrialecotoneweremuchhigherthaninsouthernandeasternrespectively.ConcentrationsofTN,TPandCODMninaquatic-terrestrialecotoneclosetovillagesandfarmlandsweremuchhigherthanthosenearforestandmountainlands.Understrongwind-wavehydrodynamicforce,concentrationsofTN,TPandCODMnclosetolakebank(lessthan60mfromlakebank,depth≤2.5m)weresignificantlyhigherthanthosefarawayfromlakebank(morethan60mfromlakebank,depthfrom3.0mto8.0m),however,undertheweakwind-wave,therewasnoobviousdifferencesbetweenthosetwoaeras.Keywords：waterquality；spatialandtemporalchanges；aquatic-terrestrialecotone；LakeErhai当前我国湖泊水体富营养化问题越来越严峻[1-2],天然湖滨带被侵占、破坏,水质污染等导