洱海主要污染物允许排放总量的控制分配

J．LakeSci．(湖泊科学)，2013，25(5):665-673http://www．jlakes．org．E-mail:jlakes@niglas．ac．cn2013byJournalofLakeSciences洱海主要污染物允许排放总量的控制分配*卫志宏，唐雄飞，杨振祥，吕兴菊，孟良，朱江，窦嘉顺，杨四坤(中国大理洱海湖泊研究中心，大理671000)摘要:基于环境流体动力学模型EFDC(EnvironmentalFluidDynamicCode)，建立了洱海湖泊及湖湾的三维水动力水质模型．利用洱海20012011年连续11年的水动力水质监测数据对模型进行了率定和验证，模拟结果与实测资料吻合度较好，表明水动力水质模型计算结果较为合理．在考虑水质环境背景浓度的前提下，通过水质模型量化各个入湖排污口对水质控制点的贡献率，并对各水质控制点和入湖排污口的浓度进行约束限制，最终利用单纯形法求解得到各入湖排污口的允许排污量．计算结果表明，北区三条河流弥苴河、永安江、罗时江本身流量相对较大，所以允许排放总量也较大，总氮、总磷和CODMn的允许排放总量分别占到整个洱海允许排放量的47%、53%和49%．洱海主要污染物允许排放总量的控制分配研究对于洱海流域的环境综合整治具有十分重要的意义．关键词:洱海;EFDC;允许排放量;水质模型AllocationofmajorpollutantsloadsforLakeErhaiWEIZhihong，TANGXiongfei，YANGZhenxiang，LXingju，MENGLiang，ZHUJiang，DOUJiashun＆YANGSikun(ResearchCenterofLakeErhai，Dali671000，P．R．China)Abstract:Athree-dimensionalhydrodynamicandwaterqualitymodelhasbeendevelopedforLakeErhaianditsadjacentembay-mentsbasedontheEnvironmentalFluidDynamicCode(EFDC)．Themodelwascalibratedandverifiedbyusingthefieldwaterqualitydatamonitoredfrom2001to2011．Thesimulatedresultsareingoodagreementwithobserveddata，indicatingthatthemod-elsimulationresultsareaccurateandreliable．Themodelwasappliedtodeterminethecontributingratebyeachwasteloadinflowatvariouswaterqualitycontrolpointsinthelake．Theeffectsofbackgroundwaterqualityconditionwereincludedinthemodelindeterminingtheimpactofeachwasteloadinflow．ThelinearprogrammingSimplexMethodwasusedtocalculatetheoptimalload-ingforeachpollutantsourcewiththeconsiderationofconstraintsonwaterqualitytargetatdifferentwaterqualitycontrolpointsinthelake．TheallocatedpollutantloadforMiqieRiver，Yong'anRiverandLuoshiRiverinthenorthernregionofthewatershedisthehighestduetohigherflowdischarge，andtheamountofallocatedloadsfortotalnitrogen，totalphosphorus，andCODMnfromthethreeriverstakesupto47%，53%and49%ofthetotalloadfortheentireLakeErhaiwatershed，respectively．Thepollutantloadallocationstudycanbeusedtofacilitatethedevelopmentoflakepollutioncontrolstrategies，andtoachievethetargetedwaterqualityobjectivesforLakeErhai．Keywords:LakeErhai