施放高效生态制剂对鱼塘藻类结构的影响

天津农业科学孔耐inAgriculturalSciences2014，20(10)：·一88·畜牧兽医与水产养殖施放高效生态制剂对鱼塘藻类结构的影响石洪明，郭永军，周可，张峰峰，谢凤行，孙学亮，陈成勋，李印昌(1．天津农学院水产学院天津市水产生态及养殖重点实验室，天津300384；2．天津市农业生物技术研究中心，天津300192)摘要：通过向池塘中泼洒高效微生态制剂，研究其对池塘藻类种类和总量的影响。结果表明，高效微生态制剂对养鱼池塘中优势藻类蓝藻的繁殖有明显的抑制作用，对绿藻和硅藻的繁殖有明显的促进作用，绿球藻、小环藻、栅藻、菱形藻等成为优势种，水色呈淡绿、黄褐色等良好状态；对鞭毛藻类中的裸藻有一定的抑制作用，对隐藻作用不明显。对照塘藻类组成以微囊藻、鱼腥藻、颤藻等蓝藻占优势。此外，藻类Shannon—Wiener指数、Pielou指数试验塘均大于对照塘。可见，高效微生态制剂的定期添加有效地控制了蓝藻的增殖，保持了藻类的多样性，增加了鱼类易于消化吸收的藻类，对养鱼池塘藻类结构调控起到了积极作用。关键词：高效微生态制剂；绿藻；蓝藻；硅藻中图分类号：$816．79文献标识码：ADOI编码：10．39698．issn．1006—6500．2014．10．018EfectsofEficientMicrobialEcologicalAgentsAddedtotheAlgaeStructureinFishPondsSHIHong—yue，GUOYong—jun，ZHOUKe，ZHANGFeng-feng，XIEFeng-xing，SUNXue-liang，CHENCheng-xun，LIYin-chang(1．CollegeofFisheries，TianjinAgriculturalUniversity，TianjinKeyLaboratoryofAquaeeologyandAquaculture，Tianjin300384，China；2．TianjinResearchCenterofAgriculturalBiotechnology，Tianjin300192，China)Abstract：Effectsofthepondsalgaespeciesandquantitieswerestudiedthroughaddingefficientmicrobialecologicalagentsintotheponds．TheresultsshowedthattheeficientmicrobialecologicalagentshadmarkedinhibitoryeffecttothepropagationofCyanobacteriawhichisthedominantalgaeinthefishpondandobviouspromotiontothepropagationofChloroophytaandBacillariophyta．TheChloro—COCCI~．sp，Cyclotaliasp，Scenedesmussp，Nietzschespetcbecamethedominantalgaewhilethewatercolorwasingoodconditionsuchaslightgreen，brown．TheeficientmicrobialecologicalagentshadinhibitoryefecttotheeuglenaoftheflagellategroupandnoobviouseffecttotheCryptophyta．Microcystis．sp，Anabaena．sp，Oscillatoria．spofCyanophytaetcweredominantalgae．Besides，theShannon—WienerindexandthePielouevennessindexofalgaeinthecontrolpondwerelowerthanthoseinexperimentalpond．Therefore，eficientmicrobialecologicalagentsmaintainedalgalbiodiversityinthepondsbyeffectivelyrestrictingthegrowthofCyanophyta．Italsoin—creasedthealgaltypestobedigestedandabsorbedbyfishwhileplayedapositiveroleincontrollingthealgalstructureoffishpond．Keywords：efficientmicrobialecologicalagents；Chlorophyta；Cyan