青海海北化工厂铬渣堆积场土壤铬污染状况研究_罗建峰

西北农业学报2006,15(6):244～247ActaAgriculturaeBoreali-occidentalisSinica青海海北化工厂铬渣堆积场土壤铬污染状况研究罗建峰,曲东(西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100)摘要:通过野外观测与室内分析相结合的方法,研究了青海海北化工厂铬矿堆渣场土壤铬污染状况。结果表明:渣场附近土壤受到严重的铬污染,其铬含量大幅度超出全国土壤铬含量和青海土壤铬环境背景值。随距离堆渣场距离的增大,土壤铬含量急剧降低。土壤铬含量与距离堆渣场的距离之间的关系均可用线性函数或幂函数来表示,幂函数优于线性函数。铬在土壤剖面中的分布呈现出上低下高的分布趋势,其分布特征与铬的独特的土壤化学特性和土壤水分运动有关。堆渣场附近土壤中铬具有很大的可迁移性,铬进入土壤后主要和土壤碳酸盐、有机质和氧化物相结合,有很大一部分存在于土壤溶液中,显著地改变了原有土壤中铬的形态分布。在对堆渣场土壤污染进行治理时必须综合考虑气候、土壤、地形因素及铬的土壤环境行为。关键词:青海;铬矿渣;土壤;铬污染中图分类号:S158.4文献标识码:A文章编号:1004-1389(2006)06-0244-04StudyontheSoilCrPollutioninResiduePilingYardinQinghaiProvinceLUOJian-fengandQUDong(CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalScience,NorthwestA&FUniversity,YanglingShaanxi712100,China)Abstract:Throughfieldinvestigationandlaboratoryanalysis,westudiedthesoilCrpollutioninresi-duepilingyardinQinghaiProvince.TheresultsshowedthatthesoilaroundtheresiduepilingyardwasseriouslypollutedbyCr.SoilCrcontentwasincreasedgreatlycomparedwiththatinChinesesoil,backgroundvalueofsoilenvironmentinQinghai.Withtheincreaseofthedistancefromresiduepilingyard,soilCrcontentwasdecreaseddramatically.Besides,therelationshipbetweensoilCrcon-tentandthedistancecanbewelldescribedbylinearandpowerfunction,however,powerfunctionwasbetterthanlinearfunction.ThecontentofCrinsoilprofilewaslowerinuppersoilandhigherinlowersoil,thisdistributionpatternwasrelatedwiththespecialsoilchemicalcharacteristicsofCrandwithsoilwatermovementinprofile.TheCrinthestudiedsoilsisapttotransport.MostCrfromres-iduearecombinedwithcarbonate,organicmatters,andoxidesinsoils,orexistedinsoilsolutions,whichsignificantlychangedthedistributionofCramongsoilcomponents.Therefore,climatic,pedo-logic,topographicfactorsandenvironmentalbehaviorofCrinsoilsshouldbefullyconsideredinthedealingsofpollutedsoilsaroundresiduepilingyard.Keywords:Qinghai;Crmineralmeltingresidue;Soils;Crpollution铬是人类和动物必需的元素,但高浓度铬会对生物体产生毒害作用[1]。铬及其化合物是冶金、金属加工、电镀、制革、油漆、颜料等行业常用的基本原料,在这些行业的生产过程中产生大量含铬废气、废水和废渣,导致严重的土壤环境污染问题[2]。土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)的毒害作用是人们最关心的问题,这种形态铬即使在低浓度条件下对植物和微生物的毒害作用都很大[3]。由于土壤