次级河流水污染事件应急处置程序及环境损害评估技术路线

第8卷第9期环境工程学报Vol．8，No．92014年9月ChineseJournalofEnvironmentalEngineeringSep．2014次级河流水污染事件应急处置程序及环境损害评估技术路线蔡锋1李新宇2陈刚才1*杨清玲2周贤杰1王俭2(1．重庆市环境科学研究院，重庆401147;2．重庆市环境监测中心，重庆401147)摘要近年来，随着我国经济的发展，次级河流突发性水污染事件频繁发生，对生态环境及居民生活造成了严重的影响。次级河流突发性水污染事件发生后，为减少污染造成的损失和影响，保证受损的环境资源得到恢复和补偿，不仅要立即采取行之有效的应急处置措施，而且应当积极开展环境损害鉴定评估工作，全面追究污染者的环境责任。根据次级河流本身的特点，结合各省市在环境应急处置过程中的具体做法，建立了一套应对突发性次级河流水污染事件的应急处置工作程序;阐述了环境损害鉴定评估的必要性、工作方法和技术路线，同时从受损环境资源的确认、污染源和污染物的识别以及暴露途径的建立3个方面构建了开展次级河流突发性水污染事件环境损害鉴定评估工作的因果关系链条，对实际开展相关工作具有重要意义。关键词次级河流污染应急处置程序环境损害评估中图分类号X703文献标识码A文章编号1673-9108(2014)09-3658-07EmergencyresponseproceduresandtechniquerouteforenvironmentaldamageassessmentinsuddentributariespollutionincidentsCaiFeng1LiXinyu2ChenGangcai1YangQingling2ZhouXianjie1WangJian2(1．ChongqingＲesearchAcademyofEnvironmentScience，Chongqing401147，China;2．ChongqingEnvironmentMonitoringCenter，Chongqing401147，China)AbstractWiththerecentdevelopmentofChineseeconomy，suddenwaterpollutionincidentsfrequentlyoccurintributaries，resultingadetrimentalthreattohumansandecologicalenvironment．Whensuddenincidentsofwaterpollutionhappen，weshouldnotonlytakeeffectiveemergencymeasures，butalsocarryoutenvironmen-taldamageassessmenttoinvestigatepollutionresponsibility，forreducingthepollutionandguaranteeingthatthedamagedenvironmentresourcesgetrecoveryandcompensation．Accordingtocharacteristicsoftributariesandca-sesofenvironmentalemergencyresponseprocessesinvariousprovinces，weestablishedasetofemergencyproce-durestoresponsesuddenaccidentsoftributariespollution．Alsowereviewedthenecessity，methods，andtech-nologyrouteofenvironmentaldamageassessment，andthenbuiltthecausationchain，includingconfirmingdam-agedenvironmentalresources，identifyingthecontaminantsandtheirsources，andestablishingexposurepathwayintheprocessofenvironmentaldamage，whichhasgreatmeaningfortheenvironmentaldamageassessmentinsuddentributariespollutionincidents．Keywordstributary;pollution;emergencyresponseprocedures;environmentaldamageassessment基金项目:国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07104-001);重庆市科技攻关项目(CST