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BRIEFCOMMUNICATIONS1274ChineseScienceBulletinVol.50No.12June2005ChineseScienceBulletin2005Vol.50No.121274—1276Sourcesofmatrix-boundphosphineinadvancedwastewatertreatmentsystemDINGLili1,LIANGHanwen1,ZHUYixin1,MOWeiheng1,WANGQiang1,RENHongqiang1,WANGXiaorong1,M.Edwards2&D.Glindemann21.StateKeyLaboratoryofPollutionControlandResourceReuse,SchoolofEnvironment,NanjingUniversity,Nanjing210093,China;2.VirginiaPolytechnicInstituteandStateUniversity,418DurhamHall(0246),Blacksburg,VA24061,USACorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoWangXiaorong(email:ekxr@nju.edu.cn)DOI:10.1360/982005-302Phosphine(PH3),ahighlytoxicandreductivegas,hasbeenexploredinbiogases[1,2]anditprovesalsotobeubiquitouseveninremoteatmosphericairataconcentrationintheorderof(pg—ng)/m3[3].Formorethanonehundredyears,sourcesandmechanismsofbiologicalphosphineformationinnaturalandengineeredenvironmentshavebeeninvestigatedanddiscussed[4].Anaerobicenvironmentswerereportedtobethemainsourceofphosphineemission[1―6].Matrix-boundphosphine,whichisdefinedastheamountofphosphinegasliberatedduringacidicorcausticdigestionofsolidsandsludgelikeenvironmentalsamples,hasbeendefinedbyGassmannandGlindemann[5].Morerecentstudieshavedemonstratedthatmatrix-boundphosphineoccurredinanaerobicdigestedsludge,manure,paddyfield,sedimentofreservoir,soilsandfluvialandmarinesediments[5―7,9].Previousresearchontheroleofphosphineinwastewatertreatmenthasturnedattentionalmostonlytotheanaerobicdigestionsystems,andmorethan85%ofphosphineinanaerobicdigestionsystemswasclaimedtobematrix-boundphosphine[8].Inthispaper,5differentwastewatertreatmentstagesfromafullscaleadvancedwastewatertreatmentplantareinvestigatedforthepotentialexistenceofmatrix-boundphosphineinanaerobicsludge,anoxicsludge,aerobicsludge,chemicalphosphateprecipitationsludgeanddigestedsludge.Resultsshowedthatallsourcescontainedmatrix-boundphosphine.Inparticular,thesludgesamplesweretakenfromthewastewatertreatmentsystem(WWTS)ofWuxiLionNathanTaihushuiBreweryCo.Ltd.inJiangsu,China.Thesystem,designedtotreat120