好氧_厌氧_兼氧污水处理技术的原理_兼谈水解酸化工艺的研发_薛念涛

好氧、厌氧、兼氧污水处理技术的原理———兼谈水解酸化工艺的研发*薛念涛1，2潘涛1纪玉琨3(1.北京市环境保护科学研究院国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心，北京100037;2.清华大学环境学院，北京100084;3.北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院，北京100022)摘要:比较了好氧、厌氧、兼氧污水处理技术的原理。好氧处理技术出水水质较好，主要应用于处理中低浓度废水或者作为厌氧处理的后续处理，但能耗高。厌氧处理技术适用于处理高浓度有机废水，逐步成为环境保护、资源利用的核心方法，但是，反应速度较慢，反应器容积较大。兼氧处理技术可发挥厌氧去除有机物绝对量高、好氧对有机物去除率高的各自优点，提高总体有机物处理效率。兼氧处理技术的发展趋势大致有:兼氧微生物降解有机物的机理、兼氧微生物的分离与培养、提高兼氧微生物处理污染物效能研究、兼氧微生物与其他微生物的相互关系。兼氧处理技术中，水解酸化工艺居于重要地位，是一个典型工艺，多年来得到广泛应用，为我国的污水处理事业做出了重要贡献。关键词:水解酸化;污水;好氧;厌氧;兼氧PＲINCIPLESOFAEＲOBIC，ANAEＲOBIC，ANDFACULTATIVETECHNOLOGIESFOＲSEWAGETＲEATMENT:DEVELOPMENTOFTHEHYDＲOLYSISACIDIFICATIONXueNiantao1，2PanTao1JiYukun3(1.NationalEngineeringＲesearchCenterofUrbanEnvironmentalPollutionControl，BeijingMunicipalＲesearchInstituteofEnvironmentalProtection，Beijing100037，China;2.SchoolofEnvironment，TsinghuaUniversity，Beijing100084，China;3.CollegeofEnvironmentalandEnergyEngineering，BeijingUniversityofTechnology，Beijing100022，China)Abstract:Principlesofaerobic，anaerobic，andfacultativewastewatertreatmenttechnologieswerecomparedinthispaper．Theeffluentqualityfromaerobictreatmenttechnologyisgreat．Thistechnologyissuitableforthetreatmentoflowandmediumconcentrationwastewaterandthefollow-upprocessforeffluentfromanaerobictreatment．However，theenergyconsumptionishigh．Anaerobictreatmenttechnologyissuitableforthetreatmentofhighconcentrationwastewater．Ithasgraduallybeenthecoremethodforenvironmentalprotectionandresourceutilization．However，thereactionvelocityofthetechnologyisslow，andthereactorvolumeislarger．Facultativetreatmenttechnologycancombinetheadvantagesofaerobicandanaerobictechnologies，improvingtheoverallefficiencyoforganicmatterremoval．Thedevelopmenttrendoffacultativetreatmenttechnologyincludes:Mechanismofdegradationfororganicmatteroffacultativemicrobes，cultivationandisolationoffacultativemicrobes，improvementoftreatmentefficacyoffacultativemicrobes，andrelationshipbetweenfacultativemicrobesandothermicrobes．Hydrolysisacidificationprocessoccupiesanimportantpositionintheapplicationoffacultativemicrobes．Overtheye