国内外饮用水水质标准中微生物指标的比较综述

第6卷第7期食品安全质量检测学报Vol.6No.72015年7月JournalofFoodSafetyandQualityJul.,2015*通讯作者:崔妍,工程师,主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:yanyan19661@163.com*Correspondingauthor:CUIYan,Engineer,DalianEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineBureau,Dalian116400,China.E-mail:yanyan19661@163.com国内外饮用水水质标准中微生物指标的比较综述崔妍*,刘莹,田卓(大连出入境检验检疫局,大连116400)摘要:本文系统介绍了我国现行的生活饮用水水质标准(GB5749-2006),并与国外的水质标准(美国EPA《国家饮用水水质标准》、WHO《饮用水水质准则》、欧盟《饮用水水质指令》及其他国家的饮用水标准)中微生物指标进行综述比较,分析了各水质标准中微生物指标及其限量,并对我国饮用水水质标准的实施和发展提出建议。本文认为,与国外水质检测标准相比,虽然我国饮用水水质微生物指标新增致病性大肠埃希氏菌、病原性原生动物贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫,基本与世界水质检测指标接轨,但仍缺少病毒和产毒藻类等影响水质安全、威胁水环境安全和生物健康的微生物项目。考虑到日益严重的食品安全现状,饮用水水质指标的及时更新和采样环节的标准化,检测报告的公正公开已成为保证饮用水水质安全的重要手段。关键词关键词:饮用水;水质;微生物指标;对比分析ComparativereviewofmicrobialindexesofChineseandforeignwaterqualitystandardsCUIYan*,LIUYing,TIANZhuo(DalianEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineBureau,Dalian116400,China)ABSTRACT:Thedifferencesinmicrobialindexesofdrinkingwaterqualitystandardsbetweensanitarystandardfordrinkingwater(GB5749-2006)ofChinaandforeigncountries(ThedrinkingwaterstandardsandhealthadvisoriesbyUS-EPA,guidelinesfordrinking-waterqualitybyWorldHealthOrganization,CouncilDirective98-83-EConthequalityofwaterintendedforhumanconsumptionbyEuropeanUnionandofothercountries)werereviewedinthispaper.Besides,themicrobialindexesanditslimitationofeachdrinkingwaterstandardandsomesuggestionofactualizinganddevelopingwerediscussed.Comparedtoforeigndrinkingwaterstandards,pathogenicEscherichiacoliandpathogenicprotozoan(e.g.Cryptosporidiumandgiardi)hadbeaddedtomicrobialindexesfordrinkingwaterinChina,whichhadbeenbasicallyintegratedwithindexesfordrinkingwaterqualityintheworld,butthesemicrobialindexesalsolackedvirusesandtoxicalgawhichcouldaffectwaterqualitysafetyandthreatensecurityofwateryenvironmentaswellashumanhealth.Consideringtheincreasingstatusoffoodsafety,theregenerableindexesofdrinkingwater,andthestandardizationofsamplelink,thefairandopencheckingreportswillbecomeanimportanttoolforguaranteethesafetyofdrinkingwater.KEYWORDS:drinkingwater;waterquality;microbialindexes;comparati