沉水植物黑藻腐解过程中营养盐释放过程

中国环境科学2014,34(10)：2653~2659ChinaEnvironmentalScience沉水植物黑藻腐解过程中营养盐释放过程叶春1*,王博1,2,3,李春华1,叶斌4,江源3,孔祥龙1(1.中国环境科学研究院湖泊工程技术中心,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012；2.辽宁石油化工大学生态环境研究院,辽宁抚顺113001；3.北京师范大学资源学院,北京100875；4.环境保护部环境工程评估中心,北京100012)摘要：为探究沉水植物衰亡过程中营养盐的释放规律,采用黑藻(HydrillaverticillataRoyle)作为研究用沉水植物,在实验室内模拟了黑藻在初春温度下腐解过程中的主要营养盐碳、氮、磷的释放过程.结果表明:黑藻在试验初期迅速腐解,该过程中向水体释放大量碳(81.31%)、氮(81.62%)、磷(85.94%).但随着时间的推移,黑藻向水体释放的磷大部分沉积进入底泥,而氮有部分沉积进入底泥,同时有部分以气体形式移出水体.黑藻腐烂分解产生的厌氧条件以及高TOC供给促进水体反硝化作用加快氮素移出水体.但是较大生物残留量会引起水体缺氧,植物残体分解加剧,导致水质严重恶化,因此需要适时收割水生植物来控制水体残留生物量.关键词：沉水植物；黑藻；腐解；营养盐；水生态中图分类号：X524文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-6923(2014)10-2653-07Nutrientreleaseprocessduringdecompositionofsubmergedmacrophytes(HydrillaverticillataRoyle).YEChun1*,WANGBo1,2,3,LIChun-hua1,YEBin4,JIANGYuan3,KONGXiang-long1(1.StateKeyLaboratoryofEnvironmentalCriteriaandRiskAssessment,CentreofLakeEngineeringandTechnology,ChineseResearchAcademyofEnvironmentalSciences,Beijing100012,China；2.InstituteofEco-environmentalSciences,LiaoningShihuaUniversity,Fushun113001,China；3.CollegeofResourcesScienceandTechnology,BeijingNormalUniversity,Beijing100875；4.AppraisalCenterforEnvironmentandEngineering,MinistryofEnvironmentalProtection,Beijing100012,China).ChinaEnvironmentalScience,2014,34(10)：2653~2659Abstract：Thedecayingprocessofsubmergedmacrophytes(Hydrillaverticillata)wassimulatedinlaboratory.ResultsshowedthattheplantdecayedrapidlyandreleasedalotofnutrientsC(81.31%),N(81.62%)andP(85.94%)intothewateratthebeginningofexperiment.Afteraperiodoftime,mostofthephosphorusandpartofnitrogenwasreleasedintosediment,whereaspartofnitrogenescapedoutofthewaterasgas.Thedecompositionofplantreleasedlargeamountsoforganiccarbonmakingthewateranaerobic.BothoftheanaerobicconditionsresultedfromdecompositionandhighTOCsupplyarebenefitialtonitrogenremovalbydenitrification.However,thelargerbiomassresiduesofsubmergedplantsshouldbecontrolledtoavoidsecondarypollutioncausedbyexcessivedecompositionofsubmergedplants.Keywords：submergedmacrophyte；HydrillaverticillataRoyle；decompositio