城市污泥堆肥温度动态变化过程及层次效应

第22卷第5期2002年5月生态学报ACTAECOLOGICASINICAVol.22,No.5May,2002城市污泥堆肥温度动态变化过程及层次效应陈同斌,黄启飞,高定,黄泽春,郑玉琪,李艳霞(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复室,北京100101)基金项目:国家“九五”科技攻关资助项目(962909201205)收稿日期:2001209207;修订日期:2002203207作者简介:陈同斌(1963～),男,广西人,研究员。主要从事植物修复、废弃物资源化技术和土壤环境保护研究。E2mail:chentb@igsnrr.ac.cn摘要:对城市污泥强制通风静态垛堆肥的温度变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,当调理剂比例较低时,堆体升温速率和降温速率都较为缓慢,堆肥处理时间长,堆体温度较低。当调理剂比例较高时,堆体升温速率较快,堆肥温度将在较短时间内达到灭菌稳定化所要求的高温。堆体温度在高温阶段持续的时间与调理剂比例有着密切的联系,当调理剂比例太高时,高温持续时间短,如加入适当比例的回流污泥,堆温可以在50℃以上高温阶段持续足够的时间。当堆肥原料的起始温度高于15℃,堆体一般要经历升温阶段、高温持续阶段和降温阶段,但是当堆肥原料的起始温度很低时,堆体温度还要经历一个起爆阶段。堆体内不同层次的温度有着不同的变化趋势,堆肥初始阶段,堆体下层温度高于上层温度,随后上层温度逐渐高于下层温度。关键词:城市污泥;堆肥;温度;位置效应TemperatureDynamicDuringtheSewageSludgeCompostingPro2cessCHENTong2Bin,HUANGQi2Fei,GAODing,HUANGZe2Chun,ZHENGYu2Qi,LIYan2Xia(LaboratoryofEnvironmentalRemediation,InstituteofGeographicSciencesandNaturalResourcesRe2search,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100101,China).ActaEcologicaSinica,2002,22(5):736～741.Abstract:Itwaswellrecognizedthatmanyfactorsinfluencedthecompostingprocessandtheresultingproduct.Temperaturewasthemostimportantecologicaldeterminantwithincomposingmaterial.Temper2atureincreasewasafunctionofstartingpoints,metabolicheatevolutionandheatconservation,withtheachievementofminimumtemperaturelevelsbeingessentialtoaneffectivecompostingprocessandcon2tributingsubstantiallytothehighratesofdecompositionachievedduringprocessing.Fewstudieshadbeenundertakentounderstandtheprocessesofmicrobes,heatlossesfromthemass,andtheecologicalnature,includingmicrobialsuccession.Thetemperatureofacompostingmassdependedlargelyonairflow.Thetemperaturebetweenthecenterandthesurfaceofthecompostingmassvariedgreatlyinstaticpileslargelybecauseofairflow.Turningofstacksorforcedaeration,asinenvironmentallycontrolledcomposting,couldcontroltempera2tureeffectively.Terminationofsuchpracticesresultedinthetemperaturesoonreturningtotherangeof70℃to80℃.Theforcedaeratinginfluencedthetemperaturesatdifferentpositions,sothetemperaturechangesweredifferent.Toknowthedifferencewasimportanttocontrolthecompos