低温下混有冲厕海水的污水生物处理_祝贵兵

低温下混有冲厕海水的污水生物处理祝贵兵1,彭永臻2,王淑莹2,崔有为2,于德爽1,孙晓杰3(1.哈尔滨工业大学市政环境工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150090;2.北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院,北京100022;3.青岛建筑工程学院环境与市政工程系,山东青岛266033)摘要:采用传统推流式活性污泥法进行了低温条件下(5～9℃)混有冲厕海水污水的生物处理中试。结果表明:在海水比例为30%、低温条件下系统对COD仍有较高的去除率,出水COD为50mgL左右。低温对硝化菌的生长起到明显的抑制作用;海水明显地抑制亚硝酸盐至硝酸盐的转变,造成亚硝酸盐的积累,实现了短程硝化。室温[(23±2)℃]条件下的SBR小试也得到相同的结论。盐度使活性污泥的结构发生了明显的变化:菌胶团变得更加密实,絮凝体异常紧密,在一定范围内污泥的沉降性能随海水比例的提高变得越来越好;丝状菌在高盐环境下无法生存,污泥膨胀得到了有效的控制。关键词:海水冲厕;低温;生物处理;活性污泥法中图分类号:X703.1文献标识码:A文章编号:1000-4602(2003)13-0005-05基金项目:“十五”国家科技攻关课题(2001BA610A-09);国家自然科学基金资助重点项目(50138010);北京市教委科技重点项目(KZ200310005003)BiologicalTreatmentofWastewaterMixedwithSeawaterforLavatoryFlushingatLowTemperatureZHUGui-bing1,PENGYong-zhen2,WANGShu-ying2,CUIYou-wei2,YUDe-shuang1,SUNXiao-jie3(1.SchoolofMunicipalandEnvironmentalEngineering,HarbinInstituteofTechnology,Harbin150090,China;2.SchoolofEnvironmentalandSourceEngineering,BeijingPolytechnicUniversity,Beijing100022,China;3.DeptofEnvironmentalandMunicipalEngineering,QingdaoInstituteofArchitecturalEngineering,Qingdao266033,China)Abstract:Pilottestwasmadeonthetreatmentofwastewatermixedwithseawaterforlavatoryflushingatlowtemperature(5～9℃)byusingplug-flowactivatedsludgeprocess.TheresultshowedthathigherCODremovaliskeptatlowtemperatureandseawaterratioof30%witheffluentCODabout50mgL.Lowtemperaturehasstronginhibitiontonitrifyingbacteriagrowth;andseawa-teralsosignificantlyinhibitsthetransformationofnitritetonitrate,whichresultsinnitriteaccumula-tionwithshort-cutnitrificationachieved.Thesameconclusionisdrawnforbench-scaletestofSBRatatmospheretemperature[(23±2)℃].Salinityleadstoremarkablevariationinstructureofactivat-edsludge,thatis:bacteriamassismoredenseandflocmoreclose,andatcertainrange,sludgesettle-abilityisgettingbetterwiththerisingofseawaterratio;filamentousbacteriacannotbekeptaliveun-·5·中国给水排水2003Vol.19CHINAWATER&WASTEWATERNo.13derhighsalinitycondition,andsludgebulkingisbroughtunderefficientcontrol.Keywords:seawaterforlavatoryflushing;lowtemperature;biologicaltreatment;activat-edsludgeprocess对含盐