三峡水库近坝支流水华预警及处置策略初探
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2020-03-12 07:56:53
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水利水电技术第46卷2015年第3期WaterResourcesandHydropowerEngineeringVol.46No.3三峡水库近坝支流水华预警及处置策略初探姚烨,练继建,马超(天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津300072)摘要:以三峡水库近坝支流香溪河为例,基于水华暴发特征规律,通过数值模拟手段,研究不同调度启动时间和执行周期下调度对水华暴发过程的影响,得到以下水华预警规则及处置策略:第一,水华易发时段,在香溪河上游河段(距河口25km)设置叶绿素浓度连续监测站点;第二,在叶绿素浓度从较低水平连续上升至10μg/L时,保持日调峰泄流过程的条件下启动升水位调度,叶绿素浓度连续下降时可终止;第三,库水位在受上游来流或下泄流量限制而必须下降时,尽可能控制在叶绿素浓度连续下降以后。关键词:水华预警;处置策略;调度时机;调峰;香溪河;三峡水库中图分类号:X522+X882.2文献标识码:B文章编号:1000-0860(2015)03-0030-04Preliminarystudyonearly-warningandcountermeasurestrategyforalgalbloominnear-damtributaryofThreeGorgesReservoirYAOYe,LIANJijian,MAChao(StateKeyLaboratoryofHydraulicEngineeringSimulationandSafety,TianjinUniversity,Tianjin300072,China)Abstract:Bytakinganear-damtributaryofThreeGorgesReservoir———XiangxiRiverasthestudycase,theimpactfromthereservoirdispatchonthealgalbloomprocessundervariousstartingtimesandexecutioncyclesoftheoperationsisstudiedthroughnumericalsimulationinaccordancewiththecharacteristicsandlawofthealgalbloom,andthentheruleandcountermeasurestrategyfortheearly-warningofthealgalbloomareobtained;i.e.firstly,astationsforcontinouslgmonitoringchlorophyllcon-centrationistobearrangedattheupstreamsectionofXiangxieRiver(25kmfromtheconfluence);secondly,whenthechloro-phyllconcentrationincreasesfromalowerlevelto10μg/L,thedispatchofwaterlevelrisingistobestartedundertheconditionofremainingthedischargeprocessofthedailypeak-loadregulation,whichcanbestoppedifthechlorophyllconcentrationcon-tinuouslydecreases;thirdly,whenthewaterlevelofthereservoirmustbeloweredunderthelimitationsoftheupstreaminfloworthedischargeflowrate,itmustbemadeasafterthecontinuousdecreaseofchlorophyllconcentrationaspossible.Keywords:early-warningofalgalbloom;countermeasurestrategy;dispatchopportunity;peak-loadregulation;XiangxiRiver;ThreeGorgesReservoir收稿日期:2014-08-27基金项目:国家自然科学基金创新研究群体科学基金资助项目(51021004);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51109156);教育部新教师青年基金资助项目(20100032120048);高等学校学科创新引智计划资助(B14012)。作者简介:姚烨(1987—),女,博士研究生。近年来,三峡水库近坝支流频繁暴发水华,给当地的供水、灌溉、生态、娱乐等方面造成诸多不利影响[1-2],如何改善近坝支流水环境已成为当前关注重点。研究
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