贵州高原红枫湖水库季节性分层的水环境质量响应

中国环境科学2011,31(9)：1477~1485ChinaEnvironmentalScience贵州高原红枫湖水库季节性分层的水环境质量响应夏品华,林陶,李存雄*,薛飞,张邦喜,蒋瑶(贵州师范大学贵州省山地环境信息系统与生态环境保护重点实验室,贵州贵阳550001)摘要：为了揭示贵州高原深水水库水体的垂直分层结构及其水环境质量响应特征,于2008年8月~2009年10月对红枫湖水库5个采样点进行了45次采样,对水文、营养盐等湖沼学变量季节动态和分布进行了分析,探讨了季节性水质恶化事件的发生机制.结果表明,红枫湖水库水体呈单循环混合模式,在4~9月形成分层,但没有典型分层湖泊的温跃层变化,这种不显著的分层导致了水化学的分层.叶绿素a、总磷、总氮和氨氮平均值分别为13.6mg/m3,0.063mg/L,1.22mg/L,0.347mg/L;透明度为1.9m.指示该水库处于中-富营养状态.分层期底层溶解氧在0.3~6.9mg/L之间、平均为2.6mg/L,氮磷质量比在8~104之间,表明红枫湖水库是一个底层滞留带季节性缺氧的高氮、磷限制型水库.贵州高原深水水库季节性水质恶化事件与水体分层结构失稳有关,是富营养化水库在气温骤降时发生“翻湖”所导致的结果,也是贵州高原深水水库富营养化的另一种表现形式.关键词：水体分层；水质恶化；富营养化；红枫湖水库；贵州高原中图分类号：X524文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-6923(2011)09-1477-09FeaturesofthewatercolumnstratificationandtheresponseofwaterqualityofHongfengreservoirinGuizhou,China.XIAPin-hua,LINTao,LICun-xiong*,XUEfei,ZHANGBang-xi,JIANGYao(GuizhouKeyLaboratoryforMountainousEnvironmentalInformationandEcologicalProtection,GuizhouNormalUniversity,Guiyang550001,China).ChinaEnvironmentalScience,2011,31(9)：1477~1485Abstract：TorevealthefeaturesofthewaterstratificationandtheresponseofwaterqualityofHongfengreservoir,inGuizhouProvinceofChina,mainlimnologicalvariablesincludinghydrologicalandenvironmentalfactorswereobserved45times,fromAugust2008toOctober2009,atfivesamplingstations.Aneventofwaterqualityabruptlydegenerationwasdiscussed.Thethethermalstratificationwasmonomictic,whichformedfromApriltoSeptember,butnotstrongly,whichcausedchemicalstratificationandaffectedwaterquality.Themeanconcentrationsofchlorophyll-a,TP,TN,NH4+-NandSDwere13.6mg/m3,0.063mg/L,1.22mg/L,0.347mg/Land1.9m,respectively,indicatingthatthereservoirwasmeso-eutrophic.Dissolvedoxygenwasbetween0.3to6.9mg/Lduringthestratificationperiod,therationalofN/Pwasbetween8to104,andmeanthatthereservoirwaslimitedbyphosphorus,butnitrogen,andhypolimnionseasonalanoxia.Seasonaldeteriorationofwaterqualitywasassociatedwiththeunsteadystructureofwaterstratification,whichwasaresultofverticalmixingwhenairtemperaturedrawdownineutrophyicalReservoir,andalsowasanothermanifestationofeutrophycation