基于平封冰盖生消模拟的长距离渠系冰期自动化控制模型

第32卷第3期2013年6月水力发电学报JOURNALOFHYDROELECTRICENGINEERINGVol．32No．3Jun．，2013基于平封冰盖生消模拟的长距离渠系冰期自动化控制模型刘孟凯1，2，冯晓波1，王长德1，管光华1(1.武汉大学水利水电学院，武汉430072;2.长江水利委员会长江科学院，武汉430010)摘要:在小流量输水前提下，以面流冰密度为封冻判别指标，考虑了渠系中倒虹吸进口前和闸门前拦冰索的拦冰作用，考虑了不同冰情阶段(封冻前明渠流、流冰期、冰盖期和文开河期)的热量交换来源以计算水温传递过程、冰花输移过程和冰盖范围和厚度变化过程，建立了长距离渠系平封冰盖生消的自动化控制运行模型，并通过南水北调中线工程总干渠京石段进行仿真模拟，呈现了平封冰盖从下游拦冰索处向上游的封冻推进过程、冰盖厚度变化过程和从上游到下游的文开河过程及相应冰情阶段的渠系水位和流量波动过程。同时指出，判断封冻时的临界面流冰密度和流冰层厚度可影响渠池的封冻范围、封冻过程和冰盖厚度，进而导致渠系水力响应的不同，须要在工程的实际运行中率定。关键词:水利管理;长距离渠系;冬季自动化运行模型;仿真;平封冰盖;面流冰密度中图分类号:TV133;S274.2;P338+4文献标识码:AMathematicalmodelforautomaticoperationoflongdistancecanalsystemwithjuxtapositionicecoverformationanddecayingLIUMengkai1，2，FENGXiaobo1，WANGChangde1，GUANGuanghua1(1．CollegeofWaterResourcesandHydroelectricEngineering，WuhanUniversity，Wuhan430072;2．ChangjiangRiverScientificResearchInstitute，Wuhan430010)Abstract:Thisstudydevelopedamathematicalautomaticoperationmodelforalongdistancecanalsystemfeaturedwithjuxtapositionicecoverformationanddecayingundertheconditionoflowflowtransport，basedontheconceptoffloatingiceareaconcentration．Thismodelcalculateswatertemperature，icetransportandchangesoficecoverscopeandthickness，consideringtheice-blockingeffectofanice-blockcableatthefrontofsiphonentranceandsluiceandtheeffectofheatexchange，underdifferenticesituationsofopenflowperiod，iceflowperiod，steadyicecoverperiod，thermalbreakupperiodoficecover，etc．SimulationsoftheJingshicanalofthemiddleroutesouthtonorthwatertransferprojectshowtheicecoverformationstartingatthecabletowardtheupstreamofeachcanalpool，itsdecayingtowardthedownstream，andthevariationsinitsthicknessandthewaterlevelduringthesetwoprocesses．Thispaperpointsoutthatthecalculationsoficefloatingscope，icecoverexpandingandthickness，etc，coulddependontwoparametersusedforestimatingicecoverformation，i．e．theareaconcentrationoficefloatingandtheassumedthicknessoficefloatinglayer．Thus，thecalculatedwaterlevelscouldalsodependontheseparametersthatshouldbecalibratedinactualoperation．Keywords:watermanagement;longdistanceca