冶炼厂粗铅生产线废气治理技术研究
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2020-03-12 09:00:45
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硅酸盐学报·558·2007年水泥窑铅镉等重金属的污染及防治苏达根1,林少敏1,2(1.华南理工大学,特种功能材料教育部重点实验室,广州510640;2.韩山师范学院环境化学应用技术研究所,广东潮州521041)摘要:利用原子吸收分光光度法、振荡溶出等方法,研究了水泥窑铅镉等重金属污染的防治。氟会促进Pb,Cd,Zn和Cu的逸放。无论何种水泥窑,Hg逸放率高达89%~96%。Pb,Cd,Zn和Cu在不同类型水泥窑中其逸放率有明显差别,立窑的逸放率较高,Pb和Cd为84%~90%,Zn和Cu为36%~47%;湿法回转窑次之;新型干法窑的逸放率最低。使用高效的除尘设备,不仅可减少粉尘的污染,还可减少Pb等重金属的逸放。把Pb等重金属含量较高的窑灰用作水泥混合材既可使Pb等重金属被固封于水泥混凝土中不会产生二次污染,又能减少因窑灰循环入窑而导致Pb等重金属的再次逸放。关键词:重金属;污染;窑炉;煅烧;窑灰;防治中图分类号:X705文献标识码:A文章编号:0454–5648(2007)05–0558–05POLLUTIONANDPREVENTIONOFHEAVYMETALSSUCHASLEADANDCADMIUMINCEMENTKILNSSUDagen1,LINShaomin1,2(1.KeyLabofSpeciallyFunctionalMaterialsofMinistryofEducation,SouthChinaUniversityofTechnology,Guangzhou510640;2.ResearchInstituteofEnvironmentalChemistryandTechnology,HanshanNormalUniversity,Chaozhou521041,Guangdong,China)Abstract:PollutionandpreventionofheavymetalssuchasPbandCdduringcementcalcinationswereinvestigatedbymeansofatomicabsorptionspectroscopy(AAS),andleachingtest.FcanpromotetheemissionofPb,Cd,ZnandCu.TheemissionrateofHgduringcementcalcinationsisveryhigh,intherangefrom89%to96%,whetherintheshaftkiln,wetprocessrotarykilnorsuspen-sionpreheaterkiln.However,theemissionratesofPb,Cd,ZnandCuaredifferentindifferentkindsofkilns.Theemissionratesinshaftkilnsarehigherthaninwetprocessrotarykilnsandsuspensionpreheaterkilns.ThoseofPbandCdareintherangefrom84%to90%;thoseofZnandCuareintherangefrom36%to47%.TheemissionratesofPb,Cd,ZnandCuinsuspensionpreheaterkilnsarethelowestinthesethreedifferentkindsofkilns.Usingamoreefficientdustcollectorcanreducenotonlyfinedustpollution,butalsotheemissionofPb,Cd,Zn,CuandHgpollution.UtilizingkilndustwithhighheavymetalcontentasanadditiveforcementconcretecanpreventthepollutionofPb,Cd,Zn,CuandHginkilndust.Keywords:heavymetal;pollution;clinker;calcinations;kilndust;prevention煅烧水泥过程中Pb等重金属的污染已引起人们的重视[1–2]。德国水泥研究所研究了带悬浮预热器和炉篦式加热机的回转窑系统有关微量重金属元素的挥发性,把这些微量元素按其挥发性分为不挥发、难挥发、易挥发、高挥发四个等级:属不挥发类的重金属元素有Zn,Ni,Cr和Cu等;难挥发类的有Cd,Pb;易挥发类的有Tl;高挥发类的有Hg[3–4]。欧盟于2000年12月28日公布了“2000/76/EC水泥回转窑排放极限规程”,对粉尘、二氧化硫、氮氧化物、氟化物及重金属等污染物的排放限值作
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