氨基的氧化

1重庆大学本科学生毕业设计（论文）氨基氧化方法探讨学生：王朋田学号：20045809指导教师：法焕宝(讲师)校外指导教师：陈朝勇专业：药学重庆大学化学化工学院二OO八年六月2GraduationDesign(Thesis)ofChongqingUniversityTheDiscussionofMethodsontheOxidationofAminoCompoundsUndergraduate:WangPengtianSupervisor:FaHuanbaoAssistantSupervisor:ChenChaoyongMajor:PharmacyCollegeofChemistryandChemicalEngineeringChongqingUniversityJune20083摘要摘要：目的硝基化合物一般由硝酸和硫酸与相应的有机物分子反应而成，而用直接硝化氨基化合物合成硝基化合物的方法还比较少见，并且这种直接硝化的方法在工业上的生产工艺还有待优化，本篇文章通过对氨基化合物硝化方法的探讨以及实验，初步研究了环氧丙酮对苯胺的氧化作用，并对其氧化条件进行了优化，对环氧丙酮氧化氨基化合物应用于工业生产进行了一定的基础研究。方法运用连续反应的思路，通过过硫酸氢钾复合物和丙酮自制环氧丙酮，再将其溶液直接用于氨基氧化反应，然后通过条件优化实验，得到最优的实验条件。结果氨基化合物用新制备的环氧丙酮并且在最优化的实验条件下氧化，高收率地得到硝基化合物。关键字关键字：氨基氧化硝基过硫酸氢钾复合物环氧丙酮4AbstractAbstract：Nitrocompoundsareusuallycomposedbynitricacid、sulfuricacidandhomologousorganiccompounds.ItisinfrequenttocomposeNitrocompoundsfromAminocompounds.Andthismethodhastobeenoptimizeredifwewanttousethismethodinindustry.ThisthesislooksintotheoxidationtoAminocompoundsofDimethyldioxirane.Weoptimizerthetermsofthisoxidationreaction,andtrytomakeitpracticableinindustryproduct.Underthemethodofsuccessivereactions,weuseOxoneandacetonetosynthesizeDimethyldioxirane,andapplythesolutionofitdirectlyinthefollowingoxidationofAminocompounds.Thenweoptimizerethetermsofthisreactiontogetthebestterm.Finally,weobtaintheproductwithgoodrecoveryratioandpurityunderthebestreactioncondition.KeywordKeyword：NitrocompoundsAminocompoundsOxidateOxidantOxoneDimethyldioxirane5目录目录摘要„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„IAbstract„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„II1绪论„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„31.1胺的氧化反应„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„41.1.1伯胺的氧化„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„41.1.2仲胺的氧化„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„41.1.3叔胺的氧化„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„51.2氧化剂„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„51.3氨基氧化研究现状„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„51.3.1过氧化氢对氨基的氧化„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„51.3.2过硼酸钠对氨基的氧化作用„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„61.3.3环氧丙酮的氧化作用„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„71.4过硫酸氢钾复合物„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„71.4.1过硫酸氢钾复盐的性质„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7○1过一硫酸的性质„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7○2过硫酸氢钾复盐的性质„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„8