膜技术和环境保护中的水处理_英文翻译

1ApplicationofmembraneinwatertreatmentTheapplicationofmembraneinwatertreatmentdependsonitseffectivenessofseparationandcostofprocess.Asanadvancedseparationtechnology,itisendowedwithmanyadvantages:highselectivity,applicabilityunderambienttemperaturewithoutphasechange,lowcostofenergy,highlevelofautomation,lowpollutionandetc.1DesalinationofseawaterandblackwaterROisthemosteconomicalwayforthedesalinationofseawaterandblackwater.Theenergyconsumptionislessthan5kW·h/tforseawateror0.5～3kW·h/tforblackwater.ThebiggestplantofROforseawaterdesalinationcanproducewater2.1×105m3/d,forblackwateris1.3×105m3/d.ItseemsthatROisthebestmethodtosolvetheproblemofdrinkingwaterandindustrialwaterinthedraughtareas.ItcanbeverifiedbythefactthatmostofthelargestdesalinationplantsarelocatedinMiddleEastasshownintab.2[3].2PurificationofdrinkingwaterMembraneisthebesttoolforthepurificationofdrinkingwaterbecauseitcanremovethesuspendedsubstance,bacteria,toxicmetalliccomponentsandorganiccomponentstoimprovethewaterquality.90%ofthecitywaterisproductivewater,only9%suppliedwateristhedomesticwaterandonly1%isdrinkingwater.Tosupplywaterseparatelyfortheresidentzonesisaneffectivewaytoimprovethequalityofdrinkingwater.Supplyingwaterseparatelyistotreatthe1%suppliedwaterwithmembraneforspecialpurpose.SeparatesupplysystemhasbeenbuiltinsomeresidentzonesofBeijingandShenyang,whichmainlyuseROmembrane.Tab.2ThelargestfivedesalinationplantsintheworldCountryProductioncapacity(m3/d)UnitnumberWorkyearMembranecompanySaudiArabia128000151998TOYOBOSaudiArabia90909151999DUPONT2SaudiArabia56800101989TOYOBOSaudiArabia56800101994TOYOBOSpain56400101998DUPONTTheworldtotalcapacityofdesalinationin1998is22735000m3/d.3ReuseofmunicipaldomesticsewageCitysewageisanimportantpotentialwaterresource.Recycledwaterfordifferentpurposescanbeproducedfromthedomesticsewagewithmembrane.Itisaneffectivewaytosolvetheshortageofwaterresource.Thereare3domesticsewagetreatmentfactoriesinBeijing,andanother4areunderconstruction.Inaddition,15morearetobebuilt.Thesewagetreat