抚仙湖沉积物重金属时空变化与人为污染评价
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J.LakeSci.(湖泊科学),2016,28(1):50—58D0I10.18307/2016.0106@2016byJourrmlofkSdences抚仙湖沉积物重金属时空变化与人为污染评价燕婷,刘恩峰”,张恩楼,李艳玲,沈吉(1:中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008)(2:中国科学院大学,北京100049)摘要:分析了抚仙湖表层沉积物及沉积短岩芯中1O种金属元素含量,结合沉积年代学,定量研究了cr、cu、Ni、Pb、zn的污染特征及时空变化规律;参考沉积物质量基准与潜在生态风险指数法探讨了表层沉积物重金属的潜在生态风险.结果表明,表层沉积物中重金属含量具有一定的空间差异性,近岸地区重金属含量总体上高于湖心区;Pb、Zn含量自1980s中期以来逐渐增加,而cr、cu、Ni含量呈下降趋势.重金属富集系数与聚类分析结果表明,抚仙湖沉积物主要重金属污染元素为Ph、zn,污染开始于1980s中期,并逐渐加重.表层沉积物中Pb、zn富集系数分别为1.6—4.1和1.4~2.6,已达到弱广中等污染程度,北部湖区污染程度略高于南部湖区;除此之外,北部湖区近岸区域cr污染程度也略高于其他湖区.除了大气沉降来源之外,抚仙湖沉积物重金属污染还可能与入湖河流输入有关.单因子生态风险指数表明,表层沉积物中cr、cu、Ni、Ph、zn具有较低的潜在生态风险;而综合潜在生态风险指数表明,表层沉积物中重金属具有中等程度的潜在生态风险,这与根据沉积物质量基准所获得的评价结果一致.关键词:抚仙湖;沉积物;重金属;污染;时空特征;潜在生态风险Thespatio-temporalvariationsofheavymetalsinthesedimentofLakeFuxianandthecontaminationassessmentYANTing一,LIUEnfeng,ZHANGEnlou,LIYanling&SHENJi(1:StateKeyLaboratoryof妇ScienceandEnvironment,NanjingInstituteofGeographyandLimnology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Nanjing210008,P.R.China)(2:UniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,BeOing100049,尸.R.China)Abstract:ConcentrationsofmetalsinthesurfaceandcoresedimentsofLakeFuxianweredetermined.Thespatio—temporalfeaturesofcontaminationsCr,Cu,M,PhandZnwerediscussed,referencingtotheenrichmentfactormethodandthechronologyofthesedimentcore.Potentialeco—risksoftheheavymetalsinthesurfacesedimentswerediscussedonbaseofcombiningthepotentialecologicalriskindexandsedimentqualityguidelineassessments.Theresultsshowedthatmetalconcentrationsexhibitedsomespa-tialvariationswithgeneralhigherconcentrationsintheRealshoreareathaninthelakecenter.ConcentrationsofPbandZnhaveinereasedtypicallysincethemid.1980s.whereasconcentrationsofCr.CuandNihavedecreased.PbandZnshouldbeinfluencedbyhumancontaminationasindieatedbythehierarehicalanalysisandtheenrichmentfactors.nlemetalcontaminationbeganatthemid一1980sandshowedanincreasingtrend.EnrichmentfaetorsofPbwerebetween1.6—4.1andZnbetween1.4—2.6inthesur-facesediments.reflectingminimaltomoderatecontaminationlevels.wherethevaluesweredecreasedfromthenoahlaket
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