强化混凝过滤后饮用水氯化消毒副产物的致癌风险评价
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2020-03-14 10:36:33
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《环境卫生学杂志~2015年lO月第5卷第5期JournalofEnvironmentalHygieneOct.2015,Vo1.5No.5【调查研究】强化混凝过滤后饮用水氯化消毒副产物的致癌风险评价陈康摘要:目的评价芜湖市城市生活饮用水在强化混凝过滤工艺后氯化消毒副产物(C1DBPs)的致癌风险。方法监测2012-2014年芜湖市三个市政水厂出厂水,应用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型,基于国内暴露参数调查数据分儿童、青少年、中年和老年人四个年龄段合计终生单位体重平均暴露剂量,评价居民饮用水中8种C1一DBPs所引起的致癌风险。结果饮用水中8种C1一DBPs中有3种终生致癌风险值在l0~~10区间,风险值大小依次为二氯一溴甲烷(BDCM)>一氯二溴甲烷(DBCM)>二氯乙酸(DCAA),致癌风险主要来源于BDCM的基因毒性。除BDCM的终生致癌风险值(1.08×10)略高于世界卫生组织推荐的可耐受终生致癌风险上限(10。)外,DBCM、DCAA处于10~~10区间,其它5种C1.DBPs的终生致癌风险在10“水平以下。结论通过在常规净水工艺基础上采用强化混凝过滤工艺,以长江水为水源的净水企业可以将cl—DBPs的终生致癌风险控制在可耐受水平以内。关键词:饮用水;强化混凝过滤;消毒副产物;暴露参数;致癌风险评价DoI:10.13421/j.enki.hjwsxzz.2015.05.012CarcinogenicRiskofChlorinatedDisinfectionBy-productsinWaterTreatedbyEnhancedCoagulationandFiltrationTechnologyCHENKangAbstract:ObjectiveToassessthecarcinogenicrisksofchlorinateddisinfectionby—products(C1·DBPs)intreatedwaterbyusingaNenhancedcoagulationandfiltrationtechnology.MethodsWatersampleswerecollectedfromthewaterworksinWuhuin2012-2014.EightC1-DBPsweremonitored.BasedontheexistingsurveydataOntheaggregatedexposureofchildren,adolescents,middle—agedandelderlyinChina,thecarcinogenicriskwase—valuatedbythemethodrecommendedbyUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.ResultsThelifetimecarcinogenicriskofthreeC1.DBPs,bromodichloromethane(BDCM),dibromochloromethane(DBCM)anddichloroaceticacid(DCAA),wereintherangeof10一一l0~,andtherankofriskswasBDCM>DBCM>DCAA.ThemajorsourceofcarcinogenicriskwasfromthegenetictoxicitycausedbyBDCM.ExceptthecarcinogenicriskofBDCM(1.08×10一’)wasjustovertheupperlimitoftolerablerisk(10一)recommendedbytheWorldHealthOrganization,thecarcinogenicriskofDBCMandDCAAwereattherangeof10~~10~.thecarcinogenicriskofother5C1-DBPswerelessthan10~.ConclusionBasedontheconventionalprocess,waterworkscouldapplytheenhancedcoagu—lationandfiltrationtechnologyforusingYangtzeRiverwateraswatersource;thelifetimecancerriskscausedbyC1一DBPsintreatedwatercanbecontrolledundertheupperlimitoftolerablerisks.Keywords:treatedwater;enhancedcoagulationandfiltrationtechnology;disinfectionby—products;exposurepara
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