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iTheuseofconstructedwetlandsforwastewatertreatmentFinanciallysupportedbyConservation&EnvironmentalGrantsTheuseofconstructedwetlandsforwastewatertreatmentPublishedbyWetlandsInternational-MalaysiaOffice3A31,BlockA,KelanaCentrePointJalanSS7/19,47301PetalingJayaSelangor,MalaysiaTel:603-78061944Fax:603-78047442Email:mp@wiap.nasionet.netWebsite:www.wetlands.orgFebruary2003iiTheuseofconstructedwetlandsforwastewatertreatmentiiiTheuseofconstructedwetlandsforwastewatertreatmentPublishedby:WetlandsInternational-MalaysiaOffice3A31,BlockA,KelanaCentrePoint,JalanSS7/1947301PetalingJaya,Selangor,Malaysia.Tel:+603-78061944Fax:+603-78047442E-mail:mp@wiap.nasionet.netWebsite:www.wetlands.orgCopyright©2003WetlandsInternational-MalaysiaOfficeAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthecopyrightownersandpublisher.FirstEdition2003ISBN983-40960-2-XCompiledbySimChengHuaDesignedbywww.WirePortfolio.comColourseparationbyCentralGraphicPrintedandboundbyPolarVistaSdn.Bhd.Sim,C.H.2003.Theuseofconstructedwetlandsforwastewatertreatment.WetlandsInternational-MalaysiaOffice.24pp.iiTheuseofconstructedwetlandsforwastewatertreatmentiiiTheuseofconstructedwetlandsforwastewatertreatmentListofcontentsnForeword1nIntroductiontoconstructedwetlandsystems2nAdvantagesofconstructedwetlandtreatmentsystems2nNaturalwetlandsvs.constructedwetlands3nTypesandwiseuseofconstructedwetlandtreatmentsystems4nEstablishmentofconstructedwetlandtreatmentsystems5nRolesofwetlandplantsinwastewatertreatment6nSelectionofwetlandplants8nDesignandprinciplesofconstructedwetlandsystems9nConstructedwetlandtreatmentmechanisms11nWetlandmonitoringandmaintenance14nWaterqualitymonitoring15nExamplesofwetlandplants16nWetlanddesign18nConclusion19nReferences20nFurtherreading21nAcknowledgements23nAbbreviation23nGlossary24ListoffiguresFigure1-Typicalconfigurationofahorizontal-flowwetlands