滴水湖水系表层沉积物中多氯联苯残留与风险评价

中国环境科学2014，34(8)：2086～2092ChinaEnvironmentalScience滴水湖水系表层沉积物中多氯联苯残留与风险评价梅卫平，阮慧慧，吴吴，LEHuyTuan1,2,江敏，(1．上海海洋大学水产与生命学院，上海201306；2．宏德大学农林渔业学院，越南清华省441504；3．水域环境生态上海高校工程研究中心，上海201306)摘要：于2012年，每2个月采集一次上海人工滩涂湖泊——滴水湖水系表层沉积物，对其多氯联苯(PcBs)的残留水平进行了检测和分析．结果表明，研究期间闸外引水河和闸内引水河沉积物中7种PCBs的总量各月间变化较大，且总体呈上升趋势，而滴水湖沉积物中其总量四季变化幅度不大；空间分布上，闸外引Lk~[(844．74~687．62)ng／g]>[~内引水河【(516．83~645．45)ng]>>滴水湖【(81．63~72．18)ng／g]．研究区PCBs组成以六氯联苯和七氯联苯为主，其次为五氯联苯和三氯联苯．采用主成分分析法对PCBs进行源解析，结果显示：PCBs污染源中进口电容器中PCBs的迁移占43％，油漆添加剂污染占33％；国产电容器和变压器污染占11％．生态风险评估表明，闸外引水河和闸内引水河沉积物PCBs对生物体的暴露有严重威胁；滴水湖沉积物PCBs对生物体的暴露有一定的潜在威胁．与国内外研究相比闸外引水河和闸内引水河属于严重污染水平，滴水湖属于中等污染水平，相关部门应加强污染监管．关键词：多氯联苯：生态风险评价：沉积物：滩涂；人工湖中图分类号：X524文献标识码：A文章编号：1000—6923(2014)08—2086—07Residualcharacteristicsandecologicalriskassessmentofpolychlorinatedbiphenyls(PCBs)inthesurfacesedimentsofDishuiLakewatershed．MElWei．ping‘，RUANHui．hui，WUHao，LEHuyTuan，JIANGMinl，(1．CollegeofFisheriesandLifeScience，ShanghaiOceanUniversity，Shanghai201306，China；2．FacultyofAgriculture，ForestryandFishery,HongDucUniversity,ThanhHoa441504，Vietnam；3．ResearchandEngineeringCenteronAquaticEnvironmentEcosystem，Shanghai201306，China)．ChinaEnvironmentalScience，2014，34(8)：2086-2092Abstract：DishuiLakeisthelargestartificiallakeinChina．Polychlorinatedbiphenyls(PCBs)weremeasuredbimonthlyinsedimentsfromDishuiLakewatershedin2012．Totalconcentrationsof7PCBsincreasedgraduallyintheflowingriver,whilefluctuatedslightlyinsidethelake．ThespatialdistributionshowedthatPCBsoutsidethediversionsluice【(844．74+687．62)ng／g】washigherthanthatinsidethediversionsluice【(516．83~645．45)ng／g]，andbothweremuchhigherthanthatinDishuiLake【(81．63~72．18)ng／g]．Judgedbyprincipalcomponentanalysismethod，thepossiblesourcesincludedimportcapacitormigration(43％)，paintadditivepollution(33％)anddomesticcapacitorandtransformerpollution(11％)．TheecologicalriskassessmentindicatedthatbiologicaltoxicityefectofPCBswasseriousintheflowingriver,whereasDishuiLakehadpotentialhazards．Comparedwithotherstudies，PCBscontaminatedsedimentsintheflowingriverswerei