滴水湖及其鲫鱼体内PAHs分布特征与影响因素分析

中国环境科学2015,35(11)：3414~3421ChinaEnvironmentalScience滴水湖及其鲫鱼体内PAHs分布特征与影响因素分析贾晋璞,王薛平,毕春娟*,郭雪,陈振楼(华东师范大学地理科学学院,地理信息科学教育部重点实验室,上海200241)摘要：通过测定滴水湖水体、颗粒物和沉积物体系PAHs含量,探讨其分布与组成特征、影响因素及污染来源.结果表明,滴水湖水体中溶解态、颗粒态和沉积物中PAHs平均浓度分别为16.78ng/L、33.02ng/g和40.98ng/g.统计分析表明,水体酸碱度以及电导率与溶解态低环PAHs之间存在显著相关性,总有机碳(TOC)与沉积物中高环PAHs浓度之间存在显著相关性.溶解态的PAHs来源主要表现为草、木和煤的高温燃烧,部分样点表现为石油源;颗粒态PAHs则主要表现为高温燃烧以及石油泄漏源;而沉积物PAHs的来源则较复杂,除了草、木及煤的高温燃烧源和石油泄漏源,还有部分样点表现为石油的高温燃烧源.鲫鱼肌肉、卵部以及鳃部PAHs含量的测定结果表明,鲫鱼不同部位对PAHs的富集能力具有较大差异.鳃部总PAHs含量最高,其次为鲫肉部分,鲫卵所含PAHs浓度最少.与国内外其他研究相比较,滴水湖鲫鱼体内PAHs含量处于较低水平,但鲫鱼部分样品的BaP等当量浓度略高于EPA规定的可食性生物器官中PAHs含量的上限值.关键词：多环芳烃；水体；颗粒物；沉积物；滴水湖；鲫鱼；分布特征中图分类号：X524,X820.4文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-6923(2015)11-3414-08ThedistributioncharacteristicsofPAHsandtheinfluencingfactorsinDishuilakeandcruciancarp.JIAJin-pu,WANGXue-ping,BIChun-juan*,GUOXue,CHENZhen-lou(KeyLaboratoryofGeo-informationScienceoftheMinistryofEducation,CollegeofGeographicScience,EastChinaNormalUniversity,Shanghai200241,China).ChinaEnvironmentalScience,2015,35(11)：3414~3421Abstract：Investigatedthepollutionlevels,distributions,compositions,sourcesandinfluencingfactorsindissolvedphases,suspendedparticularmattersandsedimentsofDishuiLake,theresultsshowedthataverageconcentrationsoftotalPAHsinthosemediumwere16.78ng/L,33.02ng/gand40.98ng/grespectively.StatisticalanalysessuggestedthatWaterpHandconductivitywascorrelatedtotheconcentrationsoflowmolecularweightPAHsindissolvedphases,whiletotalorganiccarbon(TOC)wascorrelatedtotheconcentrationsofhighmolecularweightPAHsinsediments.PAHsindissolvedphasesweremainlyfromhightemperaturecombustionofstraw,woodandcoal.Therearealsosomesamplesshowedtheoilsource.CombustionandoilspillwerethesourcesofPAHsinsuspendedparticularmatters.WhilebothcombustionandpetrogenicinputswerethesourcesofPAHsinsediments.BymeasuringtheconcentrationsofPAHsinthecruciancarpmuscles,eggsandgills,wefoundtheconcentrationsofPAHsinthegillsofcruciancarpwerethehighest,followedbythemeatandroes.ComparedtoconcentrationsofPAHsinthefishesofotherareasintheworld,theconc