黄河三角洲芦苇湿地的恢复

第26卷第8期2006年8月生态学报ACTAEC0L0GICASINICAV01．26．No．8Aug．，2006黄河三角洲芦苇湿地的恢复唐娜，崔保山，赵欣胜(北京师范大学环境学院环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室，北京100875)摘要：近年来由于人类活动及自然灾害等多种因素的影响，黄河三角洲芦苇湿地生态系统的健康受到威胁，出现不同程度的退化。为进一步研究2002年开始实施的湿地恢复工程，选择未恢复区、恢复区比较其水、植被、土壤等生态特征，结合野外调查及实验分析数据，结果显示至2005年7月恢复区湿地水域面积比例增加，水质得到明显改善，植被群落呈正向演替，土壤达到中、轻度盐化土水平，水禽种类增加，生物多样性更加丰富。研究结果表明，以恢复湿地水文条件为核心措施的湿地恢复方案具有可行性。研究对于黄河三角洲其他类型湿地的恢复及改善其生态功能具有指导作用。关键词：芦苇；湿地；恢复；黄河三角洲文章编号：1000．0933(2oo6)08．2616．09中图分类号：Q941．2，Q948．11文献标识码：ATherestorationofreed(Phragmitesaustralis)wetlandintheYellowRiverDeltaTANGNa，CUIBao—Shan，ZHAOXin—Sheng(Environment＆f，BeijingNormalUniversity，StateKeyJointLab0rat0ryofEnvironmentalSimulationandPollutionControl，Beijing100875，Ch／na)．ActaEcologicaSinica，20O6，26(8)：2616—2624．Abstract：Influencedbythehumanactivitiesandthenaturaldisasters，thereedwetlandecosystemintheYellowRiverDeltahasbeendeterioratinginthepast．Inthepaper，theevaluationofthereedwetlandwasresearchedwiththeecologicalcharacteristicsofwater，vegetationandsoilinvestigated．Withthewaterareaincreasedandthewaterqualityimproved，thesoilsalinitywasreducedtothemediumandthelowlevel；thevegetationwasimprovedinthepositivesuccession；thebiodiversityintherestoredwetlandwasobviouslyimprovedandthenumberofwaterfowlsincreasedinJulyof2005．Theresultsshowthatwaterisdominantfactorintherestoringprocessofreedwetland．Theresultsareasfollows：(1)Wateristhecontrollingfactorofthewetland，andthekeyfactorofitsrestoration．Thefittingwatersupplyisobviouslyaccelerativetothereformofthewaterquality，thepositivesuccessionofthehydrophytecommunity，theprotectionofbiodiversity，theoptimizationoftheecosystem，thestrengtheningoftheecologicalfunctionandabilitytoprovideresources．Onthisfoundation，itthenreachestheaimofnaturalrestoration．(2)Thefluencyofdrainageisalsoimportantbesidesfillingwatertothewetland．Throughtherationalirrigationanddrainage，andthefluentwaterflowcandissolvethesaltinsoilandimprovewaterquality，andthenreachtheaimofoptimizingtheecologicalenvironment．(3)Accordingtotheclimateandhydrologicalconditions，therat